从马克思的世界历史理论看中国特色的社会主义道路

马克思提出的“历史向世界历史转变”命题中所包含的“世界历史”理论是指各民族、国家由于普遍交往 ,整个世界开始形成为相互依存的统一历史 ,这种“世界历史”的产生使社会发展中的“跨越”成为一种普遍现象。中国正是在 2 0世纪特殊的历史环境和条件下跨越“卡夫丁峡谷”必然地走向社会主义道路的 ,同时中国特色的社会主义道路必然对世界历史和全球化过程产生重大而深远的影响     

邓小平理论两个发展高峰之比较

党的十一届三中全会前后和1992年南方谈话前后,是邓小平理论发展史上的两个高峰.这两个高峰在指导原则、政治保证、价值取向等方面具有一定的共性,但它们所达到的层次和深度有所不同.     

中国近代刑法学的诞生与成长

在中国 ,虽然很早就诞生了刑事法律 ,也很早就出现了研究这些法律的律学。但在中国古代 ,并没有刑法学这门学科。近代意义上的刑法学是在吸收消化近代西方资产阶级刑法学的基础上 ,逐步诞生及成长的。本文分三个方面 ,试图对这一过程作一些描述 ,对在此过程中发挥重要作用的若干部代表作进行评述 ,并对其基本特征以及对中国现代刑法学的影响进行阐述     

CRIMINOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE: PERIOD AND COHORT EFFECTS IN SCHOLARSHIP

Period and cohort effects are explored in regard to criminological knowledge. Hypotheses are inspired by biographies and by research in the sociology of knowledge, based on Karl Mannheim's essay on generations, Maurice Halbwachs' partly conflicting arguments about the presentist orientation of collective memory and newer ideas about the institutional context of knowledge production. The data set results from content analysis of 1, 390 articles in leading American sociology, criminology, and law and society journals from 1951 to 1993, supplemented by information on the authors' "academic age." Results show that cohort membership has some effect and periods have considerable impact on topic, type of theory examined and data used by criminologists. These effects are interpreted against the background of post-World War II history: dominant ideological currents of different eras, historic events, changing academic institutions, and the ebb and flow of influential schools. Multivariate analyses indicate that period effects are largely but not fully explained by shifts in research funding and by the emergence of specialized fields with their own institutions.     

No News Is Good News: Mark and Recapture for Event Data When Reporting Probabilities Are Less Than One

We discuss a common, but often ignored, problem in event data: underreporting bias. When collecting data, it is often not the case that source materials capture all events of interest, leading to an undercount of the true number of events. To address this issue, we propose a common method first used to estimate the size of animal populations when a complete census is not feasible: mark and recapture. By taking multiple sources into consideration, one can estimate the rate of missing data across sources and come up with an estimate of the true number of events. To demonstrate the utility of the approach, we compare Associated Press and Agence France Press reports on conflict events, as contained in the Social Conflict in Africa Database. We show that these sources capture approximately 76% of all events in Africa but that the nondetection rate declines dramatically when considering more significant events. We also show through regression analysis that deadly events, events of a larger magnitude, and events with government repression, among others, are significant predictors of overlapping reporting. Ultimately, the approach can be used to correct for undercounting in event data and to assess the quality of sources used.     

清代江南地区民间的健讼问题——以地方志为中心的考察

以清代地方志为基本史料,用实证的方法对清代江南地区民间的健讼问题进行考察,可以看到导致健讼产生的根本原因一是人口的膨胀,二是中国传统的专制制度的弊端。健讼给地方财政造成压力,加速了传统社会的解体,客观上有利于清末司法改革的推行。     

中国共产党坚持和健全民主集中制的历史考察

文章通过对中国共产党80多年来坚持和健全民主集中制的历史考察,一方面说明了党贯彻民主集中制的情况总是与党的事业的发展状况密切联系着,从而增强全党坚持和健全民主集中制的自觉性;另一方面为贯彻落实十六大、十六届四中全会提出的“坚持和健全民主集中制”的要求提供理论支持。     

马克思的世界历史思想及其方法论

马克思的世界历史思想经历了三个发展阶段:萌芽时期、发展时期和成熟时期,最终达到和唯物史观的内在一致性.在世界历史思想中,体现了它的方法论原则,这对我们今天所进行的现代化建设具有重要的指导意义.     

法理天空 用精取宏——评《法理学:法律哲学与法律方法》

《法理学:法律哲学与法律方法》一书运用整体论的方法,描述了西方从古希腊到二十世纪七十年代的各种法哲学流派的思想、理论和主义,论证了法律是秩序与正义的综合体,探讨了解决法律问题的方法论,从而完整地构建了综合法理学体系。     

珠算的功能及文化价值

中国珠算在世界计算工具发展史上举足轻重的地位说明珠算与计算机并行不悖、相辅相成的关系。历史证明珠算具有卓越的计算功能;"珠心算"的兴起,反映了珠算的教育启智功能无可估量;既是科学技术的载体,又有深厚的文化底蕴。本文着重论述了信息社会中国传统的计算工具珠算盘的价值、功能和发展前景问题。