液相色谱-质谱联用测定血中氟乙酸类鼠药

目的建立血中氟乙酸类鼠药液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱质谱分析方法。方法血样经甲醇沉淀蛋白后离心,上清液用氮气吹干,流动相定容过滤膜,滤液直接进行液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱质谱联用分析。结果血中氟乙酸根在0.050μg/mL-2.0μg/mL之间具有良好的线性关系,最低检出限为0.020μg/mL。结论本文建立的方法快速、灵敏、操作简便,适用于刑事案件中该类氟乙酸类鼠药的快速检验,具有一定的实用价值。     

Human Rights and Unfair Dismissal: Private Acts in Public Spaces

This article addresses the termination of employment because of the conduct of the employee in her leisure time, in the light of the right to private life. It explores the impact on the retention of employment of activities taking place outside the workplace and outside working hours, and argues that the approach of UK courts and tribunals, which is based on a primarily spatial conceptualisation of privacy, is flawed. A fresh approach to privacy, resting on the idea of domination, is proposed, which is sensitive to the particularities of the employment relationship. Considering the fairness enquiry in dismissal, it argues that off‐duty conduct may lead to lawful termination of employment only if there is a clear and present impact or a high likelihood of such impact on business interests; a speculative and marginal danger does not suffice. It further proposes that a particularly meticulous test is appropriate when certain suspect categories, such as the employees' sexual preferences, are at stake.     

高效液相色谱-质谱法测定人尿液中乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷

目的建立高效液相色谱-质谱法测定人尿液中乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷。方法取空白人尿液加入EtG-D5内标工作液和冷甲醇（4℃）,经涡旋、离心,取上清液于水浴氮气吹干,以沉淀杂质,采用Agilent Zorbax Bonus-RP色谱柱分离,以乙腈∶0.1%甲酸水溶液（5∶95）为流动相,采用负离子模式质谱检测,在选择离子监测模式下进行定性和定量测定。结果尿液中EtG在50～5 000ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,检出限为18ng/mL,方法回收率为90.2%～101.7%,相对标准偏差小于10%。结论所建方法简便,具有较高的回收率和精密度,适用于尿液中EtG的检测。     

Molecular characterization of a null allele at locus DXS8378

Typing of X-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci in a deficiency paternity case revealed a single Mendelian incompatibility between a female child and her putative grandmother, consisting of an opposite homozygosity at locus DXS8378. The presence of a null allele due to a primer binding site mutation on the child's paternally inherited X chromosome was confirmed by amplification with newly designed DXS8378 external primers. Sequencing analysis showed a point mutation (C > T transition at position 168, according to GenBank accession G08098) in the binding site of the original DXS8378 reverse primer.     

A NATIONWIDE SURVEY OF MANDATORY PARENT EDUCATION*

In an effort to take positive steps toward coping with problems for families and children created by high levels of separation and divorce, ever increasing civil caseloads and the exposure of children to interparental conflict, court‐affiliated educational programs have emerged in the United States for parents separating from their spouse or partner or going through a divorce. This article will provide an overview of the creation of such programs and their development, which includes a discussion regarding the numerous states currently mandating parents to attend. It will summarize some of the research which has been conducted as to the efficacy of the programs and will provide the results of our nationwide research for each state's parent education status. There is a discussion of domestic violence issues and sensitivities in the context of parent education programs and possible future directions for mandatory parent education.     

Detection of Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid in Various Drink Matrices via AccuTOF-DART*

Abstract: A new screening method for detecting gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in drink matrices, using the IonSense, Inc. (Saugus, MA) direct analysis in real time (DART) ion source coupled to a JEOL exact mass time-of-flight mass spectrometer (AccuTOF), was validated and compared with the current screening methodology. The DART ion source allows for analysis of samples under ambient conditions with little to no sample preparation. Fifty drink specimens were spiked at levels of 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/mL GHB, and analyzed on the AccuTOF-DART. Positive detection of GHB occurred for each of the samples at each concentration level, giving 100% accuracy for the samples tested. Twenty-five of the 50 drink specimens were spiked at 1 mg/mL GHB and tested using a color test known as the GHB Color Test #3. Only two of these 25 specimens tested positive for the presence of GHB, giving only 8% accuracy. Implementation of this new methodology as a screening tool for GHB analysis will quickly eliminate negative specimens allowing the examiner to focus analysis time on those that screened positive.     

GC／MS检测尿中4种苯氧羧酸类除草剂

目的建立尿中2，4-D、2，4-DP、MCPA、MCPP等4种苯氧羧酸类除草剂的分析方法；方法液液提取分离，乙醚为提取液，DCPA为内标，硫酸正丁醇酯化衍生化，气质联用分析法分析；结果尿中4种除草剂添加样品的相对回收率在80％以上，检测限都在5ng／ml以下，对中毒兔尿样进行了分析；结论对实际发生的中毒案件分析有足够的灵敏度。     

The effectiveness of NGO self‐regulation: theory and evidence from Africa

Non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) play an increasingly important role in public service provision and policy making in sub‐Saharan Africa, stimulating demand for new forms of regulatory oversight. In response, a number of initiatives in NGO self‐regulation have emerged. Using cross‐national data on 20 African countries, the article shows that self‐regulation in Africa falls into three types: national‐level guilds, NGO‐led clubs and voluntary codes of conduct. Each displays significant weaknesses from a regulatory policy perspective. National guilds have a broad scope, but require high administrative oversight capacity on the part of NGOs. Voluntary clubs have stronger standards but typically have much weaker coverage. Voluntary codes are the most common form of self‐regulation, but have the weakest regulatory strength. This article argues that the weakness of current attempts to improve the accountability and regulatory environment of NGOs stems in part from a mismatch between the goals of regulation and the institutional incentives embedded in the structure of most self‐regulatory regimes. The article uses the logic of collective action to illustrate the nature of this mismatch and the tradeoffs between the potential breadth and strength of various forms of NGO self‐regulation using three detailed case studies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

液相色谱-质谱联用技术在毒物分析中的应用

本文简要综述了液-质(LC-MS)联用的基本结构以及该技术近年来在滥用药物、治疗药物和杀虫剂中的应用,为进一步扩大液-质联用技术在毒物分析领域中的应用提供参考.     

SEX EDUCATION LEFT AT THE THRESHOLD OF THE SCHOOL DOOR: STRICTER REQUIREMENTS FOR PARENTAL OPT‐OUT PROVISIONS

Current state law creates the risk that, if sex education is not provided to a child in public school, no similar instruction will be given to the child. Legislatively enacted opt‐out provisions give parents broad control over their child's education by granting them the option to have their child excused from any sex education requirements within a public school's curriculum. Through public school sex education, professionals provide youth information aimed at protecting them from the dangers of pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). A stricter statutory opt‐out provision should be enacted by state legislatures that only allows parents to excuse their child from sex education after a parent attends a 90‐minute STD prevention course and receives the instructional material used in the school's sex education curriculum. Parents should be provided up‐to‐date information and a structural framework designed by the school to encourage them to discuss with their child the many sexual issues addressed within a school's sex education curriculum.