Tricyclic Antidepressants Found in Pilots Fatally Injured in Civil Aviation Accidents

Prevalence of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) has not been explored in pilots. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) aviation accident and the Federal Aviation Administration's Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI) toxicology and medical certification databases were searched for pilots fatally injured in aviation accidents. During 1990–2012, CAMI received bio‐samples of pilots from 7037 aviation accidents. Of these, 2644 cases were positive for drugs. TCAs were present in 31. TCA blood concentrations ranged from therapeutic to toxic levels. The NTSB determined that the use of drugs and ethanol as the probable cause or contributing factor in 35% (11 of 31) of the accidents. None of the 31 pilots reported the use of TCAs during their aviation medical examination. The prevalence of TCAs in aviators was less than 0.5% (31 of 7037 cases). There is a need for aviators to fully disclose the use of medications at the time of their medical examination.     

昆明市103例高坠死亡案件的坠落高度以及案件性质分析

目的对103例高坠死亡案例进行回顾性分析,研究尸体损伤与坠落高度、坠落高度与水平移行距离、水平移行距离与案件性质之间的关系。方法收集2001~2015年间昆明市公安局所受理的高坠案例共103例,所得数据均经spss17.0进行统计检验。结果颅骨骨折在坠落高度为11米以上时的概率较大,四肢骨折在各高度出现的概率均比较大,肋骨骨折在坠落高度为21米以上时的概率较大,尸体的坠落高度与水平移行距离存在正相关关系。坠落高度在11米以上时自杀多见,水平移行距离在1.1m以上时自杀多见。结论尸体损伤、水平移行距离可作为辅助手段估算坠落高度,水平移行距离可作为判断案件性质的参考数据。     

医事犯罪理论研究述评

建国60年以来,我国刑法学界对医事犯罪的理论研究取得了显著的成绩。医疗事故罪、非法行医罪和非法进行节育手术罪等具体医事犯罪的研究都随着我国刑事立法的进程经历了不同的发展阶段,研究逐步深入。但是,在医事犯罪的诸多问题上还存在较大争议,通说性的观点少,不少观点还值得继续商榷。     

The Effect of Lowering the Legal Drink‐Drive Limit on the Toxicological Findings in Driver Fatalities: A Comparison of Two Jurisdictions,

In December 2014, the legal blood alcohol limit for drivers in both Scotland and New Zealand was reduced from 80 to 50 mg/100 mL. This paper reports a retrospective study comparing changes in the toxicological findings in deceased drivers and motorcyclists before and after the limit change in both jurisdictions. A year of fatal motor vehicle crashes prior to and following the limit change is examined for both countries. In Scotland, there was an increase in drug prevalence among fatally injured drivers and motorcyclists, with the use of all drug groups increasing after the limit change, with the exception of cannabinoids. In New Zealand, there was a reduction in cases involving drugs only, but increases in the numbers of deceased drivers and motorcyclists positive for alcohol only and co‐using alcohol and drugs.     

《核安全法》背景下我国核损害赔偿制度立法研究

核工业是实现我国能源可持续发展的重要支柱,对保持我国核大国地位,维护国家安全,推动经济发展起着非常重要的作用。然而核电工业的发展又面临着核损害事故的风险。因此,核损害赔偿法律制度对于核电事业的建设与发展至关重要。2018年起正式实施的《核安全法》对核损害赔偿问题进行了原则性规定。我国现行核损害赔偿制度依然不成体系,存在专门立法效力层级过低,原则性规定可操作性不强,内容不够完善等问题。建立健全核损害赔偿法律制度有利于保障核电事业的健康发展,能够依法尽可能地补救损害所产生的后果,同时有助于完善我国核法律体系,更为适应核电"走出去"的新形势。在现有制度的基础上,我国未来核损害赔偿法律制度要明确制度目标与宗旨,界定核损害的定义与范围,确立营运者严格责任制与唯一责任制,提高营运者责任限额并实行财务保证制度,建立健全核保险,确立并细化国家补充性赔偿责任。     

电动两轮车侧翻倒地滑动摩擦系数实验研究

目的两轮车侧翻倒地后的滑行摩擦系数是利用两轮车碰撞后倒地滑行距离进行速度计算的关键参数,论文通过试验研究提出用于道路交通事故速度计算的电动两轮车侧翻倒地滑动摩擦系数。方法在综合分析电动两轮车侧倒滑行摩擦系数影响因素的基础上,利用正交试验设计摩擦系数实验方案,并采用实车牵引的方法,在不同速度条件下,分别在干燥、潮湿的沥青混凝土路面及水泥混凝土路面上进行实验。结果实验所得数据显示,电动两轮车侧翻倒地滑动摩擦系数的范围为0.40～0.60。结论通过对所得数据进行处理,提出适用于电动两轮车交通事故再现的摩擦系数范围。     

基于MADYMO软件的交通事故中行人运动机理研究

事故重建、数据分析以及计算机仿真是行人安全防护研究的三个重要手段。行人运动机理的研究对于揭示人-车交通事故的特征具有非常重要的意义。文章以一起真实案例为基础,运用MADYMO仿真分析探讨真实交通事故中行人的运动机理。并以真实的交通事故数据作为验证手段。     

事故车辆挡风玻璃破损的原因及检验要点

挡风玻璃破损在事故车辆中较为常见,对挡风玻璃破损的类型及原因进行分析,弄清不同原因引起的挡风玻璃破损痕迹的形态特征,提出挡风玻璃破损痕迹检验的要点,为查明事故真相提供依据。     

监狱执法人员免责机制初探

监狱作为维护社会稳定和政治延续的统治工具,一直默默地发挥着它不可或缺的功能。近年来一系列社会热门事件的发生,使监狱备受瞩目。尤其在信息公开透明且传播迅速的社会里,监狱的安全稳定也成为社会稳定的前提要件。监狱如何构建科学公正的监狱执法人员免责机制,则成为相关理论界与实务界人士共同关注的新视角。     

Are Peripapillary Intrascleral Hemorrhages Pathognomonic for Abusive Head Trauma?*

Abstract: The American Academy of Pediatrics’ Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect, Section on Ophthalmology, acknowledges that searching for retinal hemorrhages (RHs) in infants only in cases of suspected of abuse creates selection bias. However, they also recommend that postmortem eye removal might not be indicated “in children who have clearly died from witnessed severe accidental head trauma or otherwise readily diagnosed systemic medical conditions.” Although infrequently described in the child abuse literature, peripapillary intrascleral hemorrhages (bleeding in the sclera at the optic nerve insertion)—putatively from severe repetitive acceleration/deceleration forces with or without blunt head trauma—have been considered essentially pathognomonic for abusive head trauma (shaken baby syndrome). We present two neonates who sustained accidental, severe in utero head injuries and had associated extensive RHs and optic nerve sheath hemorrhages with peripapillary intrascleral hemorrhages detected at autopsy. Neither neonate had a documented clinical fundal examination in the intensive care unit.