监狱执法人员免责机制初探

监狱作为维护社会稳定和政治延续的统治工具,一直默默地发挥着它不可或缺的功能。近年来一系列社会热门事件的发生,使监狱备受瞩目。尤其在信息公开透明且传播迅速的社会里,监狱的安全稳定也成为社会稳定的前提要件。监狱如何构建科学公正的监狱执法人员免责机制,则成为相关理论界与实务界人士共同关注的新视角。     

Are Peripapillary Intrascleral Hemorrhages Pathognomonic for Abusive Head Trauma?*

Abstract: The American Academy of Pediatrics’ Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect, Section on Ophthalmology, acknowledges that searching for retinal hemorrhages (RHs) in infants only in cases of suspected of abuse creates selection bias. However, they also recommend that postmortem eye removal might not be indicated “in children who have clearly died from witnessed severe accidental head trauma or otherwise readily diagnosed systemic medical conditions.” Although infrequently described in the child abuse literature, peripapillary intrascleral hemorrhages (bleeding in the sclera at the optic nerve insertion)—putatively from severe repetitive acceleration/deceleration forces with or without blunt head trauma—have been considered essentially pathognomonic for abusive head trauma (shaken baby syndrome). We present two neonates who sustained accidental, severe in utero head injuries and had associated extensive RHs and optic nerve sheath hemorrhages with peripapillary intrascleral hemorrhages detected at autopsy. Neither neonate had a documented clinical fundal examination in the intensive care unit.     

谈道路交通事故处理中讯问的技巧

对构成犯罪、依法追究刑事责任的交通事故案件,对交通肇事犯罪嫌疑人要实施讯问。道路交通事故处理中的讯问,是一项严肃的执法活动,必须严格按照法律、法规的规定进行。在道路交通事故处理中,保障讯问及时、有效地进行,保障被讯问人客观、全面地提供有关事故的真实材料,对于道路交通事故的处理工作具有十分重要的意义。文章在明确道路交通事故处理中讯问的概念与要求的基础上,深刻阐述了道路交通事故处理中讯问的技巧,目的是为道路交通事故处理的业务部门和办案民警提供帮助。     

Creating a safer working environment through psychological assessment: A review of a measure of safety consciousness

This article explores how organizations can prevent workplace accidents through the psychological assessment of employees. We present a model of employee safety consciousness consisting of personality and attitudinal variables associated with a higher risk of accident involvement. A safety conscious employee is described as one who: has an internal locus of control in matters related to workplace safety, has a high tolerance for work‐related stress, and avoids engaging in high‐risk, sensation‐seeking activities. Relevant research is reviewed and applications of the safety consciousness construct to hiring, promotion and training are discussed.     

交通肇事犯罪原因探析

交通肇事犯罪一直是社会的热点。近年来,随着数起引起社会广泛影响的交通肇事大案以及《刑法修正案(八)》将危险驾驶行为纳入犯罪,新闻媒体与法律实务更加关注对交通肇事犯罪的评价。然而,目前学界研究此类犯罪多从刑法规制的角度探讨,而隐藏在犯罪背后的深层原因却鲜有研究。任何犯罪现象总有一定的犯罪原因的外在展现和结果状态,从交通的组成因素探讨其对交通肇事的联系和影响,有助于发现交通肇事的本质,为交通事故的预防提供重要参考。     

试析侦办交通肇事案件中测谎技术之运用

交通肇事案件侦办实例说明,运用传统侦查方法侦办此类案件有一定的局限性,而运用测谎技术则有其独特的作用。测谎原理满足和平获取口供的需要,交通肇事案件中运用测谎技术成功率也较高。在运用测谎技术成功侦办交通肇事案件过程中,要善于捕捉谈话信息、巧妙收集背景资料、准确抓住心理焦点、合理搭建心理台阶、熟练把握转变时机,同时要注意保证被测人意识清醒和减少＂翻供＂的可能性。     

车外人员与汽车碰撞事故现场痕迹特点分析

道路交通事故的发生是人、车、道路等因素综合作用的结果，碰撞过程中。三者之间在极短的时间内发生了强烈的相互作用，如制动、碰撞、损伤产生等。事故发生后。根据国家GA41—2005《道路交通事故痕迹物证勘验》标准规定。交通事故现场痕迹包括路面痕迹、车体痕迹、人体痕迹、其它痕迹等勘验是确定交通事故责任和成因的主要依据。本文研究中通过对200起车外无防御能力的道路使用者（行人、自行车、三轮车、摩托车）与汽车碰撞事故现场痕迹。如人一车一道路位置。车辆的制动印痕、行驶速度、碰撞痕迹，人体致伤特点等各种客观的信息参数．寻找易于提取、利于计算分析、有助于事故重建的现场痕迹参数特点。以此建立起基于现场痕迹信息综合处理的事故再现参数体系。为后续重建交通事故碰撞过程研究提供参考依据。     

Subway Train‐Related Fatalities in New York City: Accident versus Suicide*

Abstract: We examined the characteristics of subway train‐related fatalities in New York City between Jan. 1, 2003 and May 31, 2007 in order to determine which factors are useful in differentiating accident from suicide. Subway train‐related deaths with homicide and undetermined manners also are included. During this period, there were 211 subway train‐related fatalities. The manners of death were: suicide (n = 111), accident (n = 76), undetermined (n = 20), and homicide (n = 4). The causes of death were blunt trauma (n = 206) and electrocution (n = 5). Torso transection and extremity amputation were more frequent in suicides. Antidepressant medications were more frequently detected in suicides, whereas cocaine and ethanol were more frequent in accidents. However, autopsy findings should be weighed in the context of the entire evaluation along with other circumstantial and investigative findings. In unwitnessed deaths where additional information is unavailable or discrepant, the most appropriate manner of death usually is undetermined.     

影响交通事故认定的因素分析

交通事故认定的客观、公正与否是由诸如证据收集、成因分析、当事人责任确定规则、认定程序、监督机制和警员素质等一系列因素决定的。为此,应强化取证意识、改善取证手段、提高取证能力;全面科学地掌握因果关系的基本理论和基本方法,提高科学地进行交通事故成因分析的能力;制定具体的有可操作性的《交通事故当事人责任确定规则》;强化程序意识,建立交通事故认定专家会诊等制度;建立包括交通事故案件审查、案卷抽查和评审以及责任追究等在内的监督机制;通过系统的职业化、专业化教育等措施,培养公正无私、业务精通的交通事故认定人员。     

论交通肇事犯罪人的特点及刑事责任

交通肇事犯罪人属于一般自然人主体,具有与传统犯罪人不同的性格特征,交通肇事犯罪人在主观上是过失心态。行为人交通肇事后逃逸是我国刑法规定的加重处罚情形,交通肇事犯罪人的共犯是我国刑法规定的特殊处罚情形,交通肇事后行为人遗弃被害人的,应当按故意杀人罪或故意伤害罪处罚。应当从刑事立法、刑事政策、犯罪学理论三方面入手,加强对交通肇事犯罪人的预防和惩处,有效防止交通肇事罪的发生。