医疗事故罪中医疗行为的法律界定

本文在研究了我国台湾地区和日本刑法中的医疗行为后,认为我国刑法中医疗事故罪中的医疗行为是指对疾病的诊断、治疗、堕胎等以医学知识与医学技术为行为的准则,直接作用于人体,导致人体的形态和/或功能发生一定变化或恢复的医学行为的总称。     

保护作品完整权的重构--对我国著作权法相关条款的质疑

我国著作权法上有关保护作品完整权的规范同日本、德国一样 ,都来源于《伯尔尼公约》。但后者却将其内容划分为作品本身遭受改动和作品本身没有遭受改动两种情形并规定了不同的构成要件。我国著作权法中有关作品完整权的规定在法律构造、保护水平上都失之偏颇。通过比较法上的分析 ,笔者对我国著作权法中有关作品完整权的规定提出了自己的建议。     

侦查阶段证明标准的重构

侦查阶段的证明标准相对模糊,可操作性不强,而且,绝大多数刑事案件的最终处理机关是人民法院,因而应当立足于司法实践的要求与证明任务完成的需要,对侦查阶段的证明标准重新设置。设置的内容包括实体内容与程序内容。     

Tenax GR吸附解析技术在火场汽油残留物提取检验中的应用研究

目的针对火灾现场常规提取检验方法操作复杂、容易导致汽油残留物有效成分丢失等问题,研究建立采用Tenax GR吸附解析技术简便、高效提取检验汽油残留物的方法。方法将Tenax GR吸附管放入相关检材中,密封后在60℃烘箱中加热1h,经热脱附仪解析后使用气质联用仪分析。结果Tenax GR吸附解析技术可以检验汽油残留物中特征组分,主要包括甲苯、二甲基苯、三甲基苯、四甲基苯、萘、甲基萘及茚满类化合物。该技术的检测限为0.25pL/mL,同时放入6根吸附管做稳定性实验,其相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.43%。该技术进行7、15、30、60、90d等不同阶段的保存实验,其相对偏差分别为6.3%、14.4%、8.7%、18.3%、11.6%。结论该技术操作方便、灵敏度高、稳定性好,适用于火灾现场中汽油残留物的提取检验。     

机车闸瓦熔渣导致的护坡起火现场勘查分析

青藏铁路是进出藏运输大动脉,客运和货运量巨大,具有极高的战略地位,铁路护坡起火严重危害青藏铁路行车安全。本文通过对青藏铁路格拉段沿线发生的5例起火事件的现场勘查,排除了人为因素导致起火的可能性。结合事发地地理环境以及列车闸瓦特性,明确发生的火灾事件均由机车闸瓦熔渣飞溅点燃护坡杂草导致。本文为此类事件的调查取证和事件定性提供了参考,并为防范青藏铁路类似事件的发生提出了预防措施。     

The forensic investigation of vehicle–pedestrian collisions: A review

Rapid urbanisation, a steady increase in the number of vehicles, speeding, negligence in road safety, and other factors have led to the inevitable worldwide growth of road traffic accidents involving pedestrians. According to the ‘Global Status Report on Road Safety’ released by the World Health Organization, road traffic collisions are one of the leading causes of death for people of all ages, with approximately 1.35 million road fatality deaths occurring globally each year. Figures from the report also highlight that a large part of road deaths involves pedestrians as the most vulnerable road users. Therefore, forensic examination of vehicle–pedestrian collisions has become increasingly important in the detection, investigation and reduction of road casualties and permanent development of this discipline is urgently needed. Thus, this article aims to review the capability and effectiveness of forensic examination in tackling road fatalities and explores the most important aspects of this discipline, such as nature of a vehicle–pedestrian collision, common issues resolved by this type of examination and typical physical evidence used in the reconstruction of vehicle–pedestrian collisions. Moreover, the paper outlines the latest advances and approaches in the field.     

我国刑罚体系的反思与重构

在刑罚轻缓化的浪潮中,对我国刑罚体系的反思是刑罚改革的必然要求。刑罚体系的反思,必须正确认识刑罚的本质,树立正确的刑罚理念。目前,我国刑罚体系存在着死刑过重、生刑过轻、非监禁刑适用较少、刑罚结构不合理、各刑种衔接不完善等诸多问题。因此,对现行刑罚体系的重构应当从限制死刑、提高生刑、扩大罚金刑的适用和完善资格刑等方面入手。理念的更新和制度的完善,将促进我国刑罚轻缓化进程,进而推动我国法治的进步。     

Voluntary and involuntary resettlement in China: a false dichotomy?

The success of involuntary resettlement is contingent on recasting the involuntary as voluntary. To explore this proposition, this article presents two projects in China – one “voluntary” (Poverty Alleviation Resettlement or PAR) and relatively “successful” and one “involuntary” (Three Gorges Project Resettlement or TGPR) and less so. The research finds the voluntary–involuntary dichotomy a false one. It is not volition that leads to better outcomes, but people-centred practices that are embedded in policy, planning, and implementation of PAR. Perhaps the most important lesson drawn is that all resettlements should be based on a commitment to settlement and not just resettlement.     

Overcoming poverty and inequality: Rwanda's progress towards the MDGs

Despite the 1994 genocide there has been annual growth in Rwanda every year since 2000. Poverty has decreased; while the MDG target of 23.8% is unlikely to be met by 2015, the future looks hopeful. The goal of reducing hunger is measured by underweight children – already down to target – and extreme poverty – likely to hit the target. Key to success is reducing dependency on the land, but a majority of the population still depend on their farm or plot. However, hitting targets for reducing poverty is not the same thing as abolishing it, and achieving targets does not necessarily solve problems.     

Characteristics of Backspatter on the Firearm and Shooting Hand—An Experimental Analysis of Close‐range Gunshots

Contact and close‐range gunshot injuries can produce bloodstains on the shooting hand and weapon. In this study, backspatter was analyzed in experimental horizontal pistol shots into blood‐filled sponges. The shooting distances were set between 0 and 45 cm. With increasing shooting distance, there was a significant decrease in the degree of backspatter. Microspatter could be detected on the weapon and shooting hand up to a shooting distance of 40 cm. They were predominantly located on thumb and index finger as well as the radial dorsal aspects of the hand. Fine spray of microspatter combined with elongated droplets in the shape of exclamation marks was found at contact and 2‐cm distance shots. An angular calculation based on the shape of the bloodstains was possible up to a shooting distance of 2 cm. No bloodstains were detected beyond 45 cm.