Tricyclic Antidepressants Found in Pilots Fatally Injured in Civil Aviation Accidents

Prevalence of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) has not been explored in pilots. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) aviation accident and the Federal Aviation Administration's Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI) toxicology and medical certification databases were searched for pilots fatally injured in aviation accidents. During 1990–2012, CAMI received bio‐samples of pilots from 7037 aviation accidents. Of these, 2644 cases were positive for drugs. TCAs were present in 31. TCA blood concentrations ranged from therapeutic to toxic levels. The NTSB determined that the use of drugs and ethanol as the probable cause or contributing factor in 35% (11 of 31) of the accidents. None of the 31 pilots reported the use of TCAs during their aviation medical examination. The prevalence of TCAs in aviators was less than 0.5% (31 of 7037 cases). There is a need for aviators to fully disclose the use of medications at the time of their medical examination.     

A novel file carving algorithm for National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) logs in GPS forensics

Globe positioning system (GPS) devices are an increasing importance source of evidence, as more of our devices have built-in GPS capabilities. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to efficiently recover National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) logs and reconstruct GPS trajectories. Unlike existing approaches that require file system metadata, our proposed algorithm is designed based on the file carving technique without relying on system metadata. By understanding the characteristics and intrinsic structure of trajectory data in NMEA logs, we demonstrate how to pinpoint all data blocks belonging to the NMEA logs from the acquired forensic image of GPS device. Then, a discriminator is presented to determine whether two data blocks can be merged. And based on the discriminator, we design a reassembly algorithm to re-order and merge the obtained data blocks into new logs. In this context, deleted trajectories can be reconstructed by analyzing the recovered logs. Empirical experiments demonstrate that our proposed algorithm performs well when the system metadata is available/unavailable, log files are heavily fragmented, one or more parts of the log files are overwritten, and for different file systems of variable cluster sizes.     

中国法治秩序建构理论的反思与重构--以日常生活批判理论为视角

本文运用日常生活批判理论对当代中国法治秩序建构理论进行了反思,认为当前法治秩序建构理论的致命弱点在于主体维度的缺失;法治秩序建构的本质在于由传统的日常生活世界向非日常生活世界跃迁;当代日常生活作为传统法律文化的寓所对于法治秩序的建构形成巨大的阻滞与消解因素;日常生活批判对于法治秩序的建构具有根基性价值.进而提出重构当代法治秩序建构理论的设想,即建构一套以国家(政府)为动力,以社会为基础,以日常生活批判和深层文化启蒙为主体维度的国家·社会·日常生活批判三位一体的新的法治秩序建构理论.     

基于游戏引擎的犯罪现场仿真研究

本文介绍了目前主流的可视化开发工具,结合公安实际并利用UDK（Unreal Development Kit）功能齐全,使用方便的特点,实现了犯罪现场三维重建,探讨了仿真流程、场景管理、材质及模型导入等关键问题。通过对案件模拟仿真的应用示例,将视景仿真技术与刑事科学技术紧密结合,方便了办案人员多角度观察现场、分析犯罪行为,提高了工作效率及判断的准确性,为现场勘察和重建中的技术难题寻求了解决方案。     

我国外资准入制度的现状、问题及其重构

我国对外资不区分行业一律进行普遍的多元行政审批,不仅导致审批效率的低下与行政资源的浪费,而且不利于实现合理利用、引导外资为我国经济结构调整及产业升级服务的政策目标。外资准入制度的改革是一项需多方协调配合的系统工程。实体性行业政策的科学制定是外资准入制度重构的前提与基础。审批程序的改革则需区分具体行业,从鼓励类、允许类等对我国国民经济冲击较小的行业开始,分层次、分步骤地逐步简化外资准入的审批层级,合理限定审批内容。另外,在优化审批程序的同时,应构筑多重风险防范体系,通过国家安全审查、反垄断审查等立体化制度安排,防范外资对我国尚处于发展中的国民经济体系造成过度冲击。     

Skeletal height reconstruction from measurements of the skull in indigenous South Africans

Stature reconstruction is important as it provides a forensic anthropological estimate of the height of a person in the living state; playing a vital role in the identification of individuals from their skeletal remains. Regression formulae for stature estimation have been generated for indigenous South Africans based on measurements of long bones of upper and lower extremities and the calcaneus. Since these bones are not always available for forensic analysis, it became necessary to use other bones such as the skull for stature estimation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of certain measurements of the skull of indigenous South Africans in the estimation of adult stature. Ninety-nine complete skeletons obtained from the Raymond A. Dart Collection, School of Anatomical Sciences of the University of the Witwatersrand, were used. Total skeletal height (TSH) was calculated for each skeleton using the Fully's (anatomical) method. Furthermore, six variables were measured on each skull. TSH was regressed onto these cranial measurements in order to obtain regression formulae. The correlation coefficients obtained ranged between 0.40 and 0.54. The range of the standard errors of estimate from the current study (4.37 and 6.24) is high in comparison to that obtained for stature estimation based on intact long bones and the calcaneus. Therefore, the equations presented in this study should be used with caution in forensic cases when only the skull is available for human identification.     

政府采购法制之发展路径:补正还是重构

国务院《2009年立法工作规划》明确将《政府采购法实施条例》和《招标投标法实施条例》列为重点立法项目,期冀以此完善实施不尽理想且近年来多为理论界批评与诘难的政府采购法制。借助具体化技术制定实施条例以解决法制不明确、不具体、缺乏操作性等问题是一种立法技巧与智慧;但希求其消弥政府采购法内在矛盾与冲突,则既基于错误的认识前提,也是对法制变迁传统路径之依赖。它不仅不能真正走出政府采购法制实施不理想之困境,反而进一步突出和固化了政府采购法制的内在不协调,增加了必须加以治理的新问题。现代制度变迁"硬核"理论和功能主义立场则昭示:重构才是政府采购法制变迁的应有路径。     

Accuracy and Repeatability of Trajectory Rod Measurement Using Laser Scanners

Three‐dimensional (3D) technologies contribute greatly to bullet trajectory analysis and shooting reconstruction. There are few papers which address the errors associated with utilizing laser scanning for bullet trajectory documentation. This study examined the accuracy and precision of laser scanning for documenting trajectory rods in drywall for angles between 25° and 90°. The inherent error range of 0.02°–2.10° was noted while the overall error for laser scanning ranged between 0.04° and 1.98°. The inter‐ and intraobserver errors for trajectory rod placement and virtual trajectory marking showed that the range of variation for rod placement was between 0.1°–1° in drywall and 0.05°–0.5° in plywood. Virtual trajectory marking accuracy tests showed that 75% of data values were below 0.91° and 0.61° on azimuth and vertical angles, respectively. In conclusion, many contributing factors affect bullet trajectory analysis, and the use of 3D technologies can aid in reduction of errors associated with documentation.     

基于MADYMO软件的交通事故中行人运动机理研究

事故重建、数据分析以及计算机仿真是行人安全防护研究的三个重要手段。行人运动机理的研究对于揭示人-车交通事故的特征具有非常重要的意义。文章以一起真实案例为基础,运用MADYMO仿真分析探讨真实交通事故中行人的运动机理。并以真实的交通事故数据作为验证手段。     

理解与说明——论人文科学方法论的重建

自然科学、社会科学和人文科学的研究对象不同,决定了它们研究方法的区别。人文科学以人的精神世界为研究对象,这使得其研究方法具有特殊性。关于人文科学研究方法的争论主要有统一论、独立论和家族相似论。若要建立科学的方法论,必须既反对统一论和独立论的一刀切的研究方法,也要反对家族相似论的模糊不清的研究方法,要将理解——研究的主观方面和说明——研究对象的客观方面相结合作为其研究的主要方法。