Frontier Justice: Legal Aid and UNHCR Refugee Status Determination in Egypt

Where UNHCR conducts refugee status determination (RSD), itsreactions to legal aid for asylum-seekers have been mixed. Statisticalevidence collected from Egypt in 2002 indicates a correlationbetween receiving some form of legal aid service and an asylum-seeker'sincreased chances of gaining refugee protection from UNHCR.Unconventional forms of legal aid, including limited servicesby supervised non-lawyers (including volunteers from the refugeecommunity) showed a positive impact on first instance cases,while traditional legal aid models showed an impact at the appealstage. Legal aid should form an essential part of UNHCR's RSDprocedures, and NGOs should work to expand both traditionaland innovative forms of legal aid for asylum-seekers.     

System-Justifying Functions of Complementary Regional and Ethnic Stereotypes: Cross-National Evidence

According to system justification theory, stereotyping is an ideological process that serves to justify the status quo and bolster the legitimacy of the existing social order. The present research investigates the system-justifying role of complementary stereotypes in which high-status groups are represented as agentic and achievement-oriented and low-status groups as communal and interpersonally oriented. We demonstrate that such complementary stereotypes: (a) reflect a high degree of consensus across high- and low-status perceiver groups; (b) are endorsed more strongly to the extent that system justification motives are chronically or temporarily activated; and (c) serve an ideological function by enhancing the perceived legitimacy of the existing social system. Evidence concerning regional and ethnic stereotypes in Italy, England, and Israel provides converging evidence for the system-justifying function of complementary stereotypes and reveals remarkable similarity in the contents of stereotypes of different groups that happen to occupy similar status positions in their respective societies.     

Intergroup Biases as a Function of Reflected Status Appraisals and Support for Legitimizing Ideologies: Evidence from the USA and Israel

Theory and research suggest that members of high-status groups feel more positively about their own group than members of low-status groups feel about their group. The studies presented here test two hypotheses derived from this general idea (1) that members of high-status groups will show greater bias in favor of the in-group when they believe that others perceive the status difference between their group and relevant low-status groups to be larger; and (2) that this relationship will be stronger when high-status group members also endorse ideologies legitimizing their privileged status. However, because low group status may have self-protective properties, it was hypothesized that imputed status differences would not relate to out-group bias among low-status group members, regardless of ideology endorsement. Two studies—using samples from the United States and Israel, respectively—provided clear support for these hypotheses. Implications for the study of both intergroup biases and legitimizing ideologies are discussed.     

对确立农民合作经济组织法人地位的思考

农民合作经济组织是在我国市场经济环境中发育起来的一种独立的经济组织形式。目前,全国已建立了14万个农民合作经济组织,但这些组织普遍存在法律缺位、法律主体地位不明确等问题,这些问题的存在严重制约了农民合作经济组织的发展。因此,应该加快这方面的立法进程,尽快确立农民合作经济组织的法人地位。     

国际刑事法院检察官的地位与功能研究

被赋予国际刑事案件调查、起诉权的检察官 ,在国际刑事法院运作程序中是最活跃最积极的因素 ,对于国际刑事犯罪的惩治起着关键性作用。其组织和功能上的特点是 :审检合署的机构设置 ;“检警一体”的功能结构 ;在检察事务和内部管理上实行“检察长负责制” ;受刑事预审法庭的司法审查等。但在检察官行使职权时 ,存在与相关国家主权协调 ,克服直接调查取证可能遇到的障碍 ,以及合理对待国际政治因素对刑事检控的影响等问题     

The Adolescent Society Revisited: Cultures, Crowds, Climates, and Status Structures in Seven Secondary Schools

The authors used data from seven schools in a metropolitan region to explore continuity and change in adolescent cultures and status structures; they identified six major types of status structures and explained variation among them in terms of characteristics of communities and schools. A key feature of the study is comparison of school climates, using both survey data and qualitative case studies that provide an interpretive context for the survey responses; this methodology allows a contextual level of analysis that is unavailable in either single-school ethnographies or large data sets that aggregate responses from individuals situated in many schools.Roberta Garner is Professor of Sociology at DePaul University. She received a Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Chicago (1966). Her interests are in sociological theory, political sociology, and the sociology of culture.Judith Bootcheck is Associate Professor of Sociology at DePaul University and received the Ph.D. from Purdue University (1969). Her interests are in youth and the aging, families, and social problemsMichael Lorr is a Ph.D. student in Urban Studies at University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. He received an MA in sociology from DePaul (2002) and his interests are in sociology of culture, political sociology, and sociology of educationKathryn Rauch received an MA from DePaul University with a focus on sociology of education and youth     

略论刑事证人的法律地位

在刑事诉讼中 ,证人出庭作证是法庭认定案件事实最有效的途径之一。为了确保刑事证人出庭作证 ,使案件得到公正审判 ,必须在制度上对出庭刑事证人的法律地位予以完善     

大学生体育动机、兴趣和体育锻炼状况的调查研究

对普通高校学生进行有关体育动机、体育兴趣和体育锻炼状况等方面的调查,了解当代大学生对于体育的需要,并以此为依据,为高校体育改革提供参考。     

论合同解除后恢复原状请求权的性质——以物权变动模式的选择为基础的考察

就合同解除后恢复原状请求权的性质,旧有的学说大都在理论逻辑上难以自圆其说或者失之偏颇.对此问题不能一概而论,而应当结合物权变动模式的选择以及合同解除的标的详加分析.在意思主义和债权形式主义的物权变动模式下,该请求权为物权性质的所有物返还请求权;在物权形式主义的物权变动模式下,则视合同解除的标的而定:若解除的是物权合同,该请求权仍为物权性质的所有物请求权,若解除的是债权合同,该请求权则为债权性质的不当得利返还请求权.     

破产管理人法律地位探微

破产管理人的法律地位始终是破产法学界争论的焦点之一。由于理论界对该问题进行阐述的理论基础不同 ,产生了不同的理论学说。我国现行破产法规定的“清算组”本质上属于“职务说”的范畴 ,但在破产实践中暴露出了很多弊端 ,新破产法草案应将破产管理人界定为破产企业的信托人 ,以保证破产管理人的中立性、社会性。