动态商标及其显著性认定

纸质媒介为主导的传统视觉生活是以静态的传统商标为主,但随着互联网的发展和普及以及电子商务的迅猛发展,非传统的动态商标逐渐受到国际社会的广泛关注。动态商标是以数字媒介为载体和动感设计为特征,是属于广义上的可视性商标。是符合绝大多数国家商标法对商标的规定。动态商标从本质上讲属于心理的认知,是消费者对商标所代表的有关商品或服务信息的评价。强大的视觉冲击效果和周而复始的广告宣传,使得动态商标在消费者的“认知网络”的信息组块中形成结点,从而使动态商标获得显著性。     

我国不动产善意取得制度的完善

不动产善意取得制度的确立,是我国物权立法的一大创举。这一制度对于社会主义市场经济的健康发展具有一定积极意义。分析我国不动产善意取得制度的价值以及不动产善意取得的适用类型,并进一步探讨不动产善意取得制度中＂善意＂和＂合理价格＂的判断标准,以期促进我国不动产善意取得制度的完善。     

关于商标的显著性问题

商标必须具有显著性,但一个不具有显著性的标记在长期使用后会形成"第二含义"而获得显著性.我国司法实践中存在此种情况,现行商标法的规定却从法律上堵塞了这种实现合法化的可能性.本文建议对有关条文进行修改,以符合市场经济发展的要求.     

Dataset of Digitized RACs and Their Rarity Score Analysis for Strengthening Shoeprint Evidence

In recent years, there is a growing demand to fortify the scientific basis of forensic methodology. During 2016, the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) published a report that states there are no appropriate empirical studies that support the foundational validity of footwear analysis to associate shoeprints with particular shoes based on specific identifying marks, which is a basic scientific demand from the field. Furthermore, meaningful databases that can support such studies do not exist. Without such databases, statistical presentation of the comparison results cannot be fulfilled either. In this study, a database of over 13,000 randomly acquired characteristics (RACs) such as scratches, nicks, tears, and holes, as they appear on shoe sole test impressions, from nearly 400 shoe soles was collected semi-automatically. The location, orientation, and the contour of each RAC were determined for all the RACs on each test impression. The statistical algorithm Statistic Evaluation of Shoeprint Accidentals (SESA) was developed to calculate a score for finding another feature similar to a particular scanned and digitized RAC in the same shape, location, and orientation as the examined one. A correlation was found between the results of SESA and the results of real casework, strengthening our belief in the ability of SESA to assist the expert in reaching a conclusion while performing casework. The score received at the end of the process serves the expert as a guiding number, allowing more objective and accurate results and conclusions.     

浅析商标识别性在商标与商号权利冲突解决中的地位

在商标与商号的权利冲突中,保护在先权利原则的适用不是绝对的,两者的强度大小起着重要作用.而商标的强度取决于其识别性,对于不同识别性的商标应予以不同保护,强识别性强保护,弱识别性弱保护.我国商标立法应依据识别性强弱对商标予以差别保护.     

商标获得显著性认定标准的中美比较

美国商标法规定的认定获得显著性的最低标准是满5年连续地实质上独家使用，这个标准也在相关案件的处理中得到了较好的执行。我国虽然在认定获得显著性的终极标准上与美国一致，但是并没有规定出类似的具体最低标准。商标显著性的核心含义是控制者的唯一性，而知名度和开始使用时间的先后虽然与获得显著性有密切联系，但是都不能反映显著性的本质。同时，没有最短使用时间的限制条件，也不便于实务操作。因此，建议将认定获得显著性的最低标准规定为：满5年连续地独家控制。     

促进欠发达地区发展的关键是发挥后发优势

随着我国经济的迅速发展,我国地区差距日益明显,欠发达地区的发展问题成为我国政府必须考虑的一个问题。如何发挥落后地区的后发优势,促进经济社会发展成为构建和谐社会的一个重要方面。     

A comparative analysis of voter turnout in regional elections

Elections to regional assemblies have become increasingly important as the power and responsibilities of regional governments have increased. Yet, few studies have attempted to explain the considerable variation in turnout in regional elections from one region to another. This article conducts a cross-sectional examination of voter participation in regional elections across nine multi-level OECD states between 2003 and 2006. It contends that standard models of voter turnout in national elections are insufficient to explain variation in turnout in regional elections and argues for the use of independent variables tailored to capture variation across regional communities and regional political institutions. Our findings suggest that variations in the strength of political autonomy and the strength of attachment to the region among the electorate have a strong and positive impact on the level of turnout in regional elections.     

Reproducibility of Artificial Cut on Heel Area of Rubber Outsole

Randomly acquired characteristics (RAC) are seldom used for exclusion in footwear examinations because they can disappear owing to wear. To help examiners explain discrepancies in RAC, this study investigated the reproducibility of cuts. One cut was made on the heel area of each shoe outsole and then measured. Changes in cuts were statistically evaluated, correlations between their variations and the weight/height of the subject were assessed, and the Support Vector Machine was used for the first time to study their discrimination probability. Most cuts became larger at first and then became smaller. The solidities of most cuts increased after 21 days, and the variation in the cut and the subject's weight/height were negatively correlated. Although the discrimination probability declined as the cut aged, 77% of the same-source and 96.88% of the different-source cuts could be identified correctly after 6 months, indicating that cuts on the heel area are relatively reliable.     

游客信息与湖泊旅游风景区开发中的生态建设--以云南抚仙湖为例

目前,在我国不少江河湖海风景区的开发中,往往对区域景观与旅游布局的协调性、旅游服务的对象即游客的旅游需求和心理动态信息注意不够,在风景区的旅游功能塑造和旅游建设中带有很大的随意性,这就容易导致旅游开发中的破坏性.根据当地自然和人文景观的特点,把旅游特色的塑造与生态建设结合起来,才是旅游业可持续发展的正确途径.