侦查辨认实施问题研究

2013年1月1日实施的新刑事诉讼法第一次将辨认笔录纳入了证据的行列，表明辨认在侦查破案和确定犯罪嫌疑人方面具有重要作用，但在辨认操作中还存在有不少的难点与问题，造成侦查辨认错误或瑕疵。从侦查辨认在实施中的主要问题及成因、侦查辨认在实施中应遵守的规则与要求、侦查辨认程序的启动与实施、对侦查辨认结论的审查等方面进行阐述，力争使侦查辨认科学、统一和规范，防止出现错案或瑕疵证据。     

American Atrocity Revisited: National Identity,Cascading Frames,and the My Lai Massacre

This study draws on the “cascading activation” model of press-state relations to explore U.S. political and news discourse surrounding the 1968 My Lai Massacre. We systematically analyze White House, military, congressional, and news communications and draw upon scholarship in social psychology to assess why the press might challenge certain frames in response to My Lai but indiscriminately echo others. In particular, within these communications, we examine how serious and widespread the actions at My Lai were conveyed to be, how the circumstances were portrayed, how the actors involved in the incident were characterized, and the extent to which America’s core values were questioned. Our findings suggest that the Nixon administration employed frames designed to downplay the severity of the My Lai incident, highlight extenuating circumstances faced by those directly involved, denigrate the alleged low-level perpetrators, and bolster the national identity. These frames were then largely echoed in the press, despite consistent and forceful challenges by congressional Democrats. These findings, we argue, align with the cascading activation model, and we build on it by highlighting the underlying importance of “cultural resonance” in the framing process. We reflect on the theoretical and practical implications of these patterns and, in doing so, engage the broader scholarly debate over the process through which U.S. news coverage aligns with the communications of government officials, particularly in moments of national dissonance.     

日本刑法的发展及其启示

日本已从刑事立法的稳定化转向了刑事立法的活性化;近年来的刑事立法,主要表现为犯罪化、处罚的早期化与重罚化以及刑法表述的通俗化、具体化。我国应当在法治视野下重新思考刑法处罚范围,而非单纯控制处罚范围;应当注重提高刑事立法的有效性,而非单纯注重处罚的严厉性;应当在刑事立法体例上采取例示法,而非单其强调通俗化与具体化的特征。     

米糠多糖对环磷酰胺诱导免疫抑制鸡外周血T淋巴细胞增殖活性及疫苗免疫效果的影响

为探讨米糠多糖(RBS)对鸡免疫抑制状态的调节作用,将100只7日龄健康蛋用公雏鸡随机分为对照组、环磷酰胺(CTX)组和CTX RBS低、中、高3个剂量组。从7日龄起,肌肉注射CTX,1日1次,连注3 d,从10日龄起,CTX RBS组灌服RBS,1日1次,连续5 d。14日龄时各组鸡进行新城疫疫苗免疫。在10,21,28,35日龄,测定外周血T淋巴细胞增殖反应活性和ND HI抗体效价。结果显示,CTX组鸡的外周血T淋巴细胞增殖活性和ND HI抗体效价均显著低于对照组(P<0.01);CTX RBS中、高剂量组鸡外周血T淋巴细胞的增殖活性均显著高于CTX组(P<0.05或P<0.01),但低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);CTX RBS中、高剂量组鸡的血清ND抗体效价均显著高于CTX组(P<0.05或P<0.01),且与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。证实,肌肉注射CTX可使健康雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞的增殖反应活性和NDHI抗体效价显著降低,导致受试鸡免疫抑制;雏鸡口服一定剂量的RBS对CTX引起的细胞免疫和体液免疫抑制具有一定的拮抗作用。     

民事诉讼当事人行为选择下的诉讼构造及其活化

在民事诉讼中植入当事人行为选择,不仅能有效地构建促进当事人自由选择的诉讼构造,还能在很大程度上化解因自由裁量权而引发的法官道德困境,并能借助"条件优势范式"妥善处理司法能动性所要求的司法技术与权利立法之间的协同问题。同时,行为选择所依托的当事人"第二次机会"的架构,亦能很好地敦促诉讼制度自觉提供备位性程序保障,以减缓行为选择的责任机制对程序整体活化的影响。     

Reforming the Swedish employment-related social security system: activation,administrative modernization and strengthening local autonomy

The Swedish system of social security has often been regarded as comprehensive and comprehensive and inclusive. During major reforms in the 1990s and 2000s, it has maintained its essential character as a popular and well-endowed provider of social security and stability. Employment-related benefits are generous in financial terms, but come with the need for recipients to remain actively engaged in the economic or educational field. However, Sweden’s geographical and demographic diversity made it necessary to increase the role of local authorities in implementing active labour market policies. This article tracks these developments since the mid-1990s, both with regard to changing the benefits system and with regard to changing local government involvement. It argues that backed by broad political support, the Swedish system has achieved the necessary modernization and adaptation to remain a viable alternative to more neo-liberal welfare retrenchment projects conducted in other European countries.     

Program Awareness,Administrative Burden,and Non-Take-Up of Québec’s Supplement to the Work Premium

ABSTRACT

Program take-up is a necessary condition for program effectiveness. Yet, non-take-up is a significant challenge for many social programs, including Québec’s Supplement to the Work Premium (SWP), a refundable tax credit targeted toward long-term welfare clients. Based on interviews with 21 public actors and 46 program participants and nonparticipants, this study explains how low program awareness, the low value of the benefit and the significant administrative burden borne by potential and actual participants contribute to the non-take-up of the SWP in this sample. Moreover, four policy implications and recommendations that can inform the design, implementation, and evaluation of social programs, are derived from this study.     

兔卵母细胞的孤雌激活

从电脉冲次数、脉冲强度、脉冲间隔时间三方面对兔卵母细胞的孤雌激活进行了研究。结果表明 ,注射HCG后 16h的MⅡ期卵 ,用 1.4kV/cm、6 0 μs的直流脉冲电激 ,脉冲次数分为 1、2、4、8次 4组 ,每次间隔 30min ,随着电激活次数的增加 ,活化率从 4 6 .5 %增加到 95 .8% (P <0 .0 1) ,但是电激活 8次后 ,桑椹胚率却从 6 3.6 %下降到 2 1.2 % ,囊胚率从 2 3.6 %下降到 2 .8%(P <0 .0 1) ;用 6 0 μs的直流脉冲电激 3次 ,每次间隔 30min ,分为 0 .4、1.2、2 .4kV/cm 3组 ,以1.2kV/cm脉冲强度的兔卵母细胞激活较为理想 ,脉冲强度增加到 2 .4kV/cm时 ,卵细胞死亡率升为6 7.1% (P <0 .0 1)。用 1.4kV/cm、6 0 μs的直流脉冲电激 3次 ,电脉冲间隔时间分为 30、12 0、2 4 0min 3组 ,卵细胞活化率分别为 6 8.6 %、91.5 %、91.9% (P <0 .0 1)。     

浅谈"科学探究模式"在课堂教学中的应用

本文围绕新课改理念下如何培养学生的探索精神和实践能力的课题,紧密结合探究式学习方式和物理学科特点,提出了在课堂教学中"探究模式教学"的程序及方法:即提出问题-猜想与假设-制定计划、设计实验-实验探究、信息收集-分析论证-评估-交流与合作.同时还阐述了在教学中保证"科学探究模式"顺利实施应注意的问题.