The Internationalization of Network Industries: A Comparative Policy Analysis of Italian Railways and Utilities

Internationalization constitutes a dominant strategy for former public enterprises, as they enter emerging markets in other countries. This article provides a firm-level analysis of the drivers of (and obstacles to) internationalization. It focuses primarily on the experience of Italian companies in the railway and utility sectors by comparing and contrasting them with major European companies as well as among themselves. The article shows the diverse degrees of internationalization of Italian companies and takes into account possible explanations, showing how the policy and regulatory environment do interact with the configurations of actors’ preferences in shaping companies’ strategies.     

基于深度卷积神经网络的语音降噪研究

目的为了提高实际工作中获取到的音频资料中语音的质量,降低噪声对语音质量及可懂度的影响,提出了一种基于深度卷积神经网络的语音降噪模型。方法该模型通过卷积、加偏置、批量归一化、Relu激活的多层循环结构,能够有效地对低信噪比条件下语音中的洗衣机噪声、鼓掌噪声、汽车内部噪声等多种常见的环境噪声进行降噪处理。结果最终含噪语音经过模型处理后的MOS评分达到3.91分,其中最高分4.05分,最低分3.81分。结论该模型能够切实提高含噪语音的质量及可懂度,对于实际的公安工作、智慧警务建设、语音分析、语音文本识别等具有重要的意义和价值。     

Co‐authorship Networks in Swiss Political Research

Co‐authorship is an important indicator of scientific collaboration. Co‐authorship networks are composed of sub‐communities, and researchers can gain visibility by connecting these insulated subgroups. This article presents a comprehensive co‐authorship network analysis of Swiss political science. Three levels are addressed: disciplinary cohesion and structure at large, communities, and the integrative capacity of individual researchers. The results suggest that collaboration exists across geographical and language borders even though different regions focus on complementary publication strategies. The subfield of public policy and administration has the highest integrative capacity. Co‐authorship is a function of several factors, most importantly being in the same subfield. At the individual level, the analysis identifies researchers who belong to the “inner circle” of Swiss political science and who link different communities. In contrast to previous research, the analysis is based on the full set of publications of all political researchers employed in Switzerland in 2013, including past publications.     

Deep learning for sex determination: Analyzing over 200,000 panoramic radiographs

The objective of this study is to assess the performance of an innovative AI-powered tool for sex determination using panoramic radiographs (PR) and to explore factors affecting the performance of the convolutional neural network (CNN). The study involved 207,946 panoramic dental X-rays and their corresponding reports from 15 clinical centers in São Paulo, Brazil. The PRs were acquired with four different devices, and 58% of the patients were female. Data preprocessing included anonymizing the exams, extracting pertinent information from the reports, such as sex, age, type of dentition, and number of missing teeth, and organizing the data into a PostgreSQL database. Two neural network architectures, a standard CNN and a ResNet, were utilized for sex classification, with both undergoing hyperparameter tuning and cross-validation to ensure optimal performance. The CNN model achieved 95.02% accuracy in sex estimation, with image resolution being a significant influencing factor. The ResNet model attained over 86% accuracy in subjects older than 6 years and over 96% in those over 16 years. The algorithm performed better on female images, and the area under the curve (AUC) exceeded 96% for most age groups, except the youngest. Accuracy values were also assessed for different dentition types (deciduous, mixed, and permanent) and missing teeth. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of an AI-driven tool for sex determination using PR and emphasizes the role of image resolution, age, and sex in determining the algorithm's performance.     

Decoding hidden darknet networks: What we learned about the illicit fentanyl trade on AlphaBay

The opioid epidemic, impacted from the proliferation of fentanyl, has added impetus to the need to detect fentanyl, sources of fentanyl, and places where fentanyl and drugs adulterated with fentanyl are available. Many darknet marketplaces (DNMs) have rules that ban fentanyl. However, it is unclear how these affect the fentanyl market. Using the AlphaBay DNM as a case study, we conducted mixed methods qualitative research. We scraped and analyzed data from the AlphaBay I2P website using, among other methods, content and social network analysis, to uncover hidden fentanyl networks. Our research highlights the next evolution of darknet marketplaces – the migration of DNMs from Tor to I2P and the methods that can be used identify fentanyl networks, irrespective of where sites are: I2P, Tor, or multihomed on I2P and Tor. Despite its ban in the Global AlphaBay Rules, our research revealed the sale of fentanyl on the AlphaBay DNM. Unlike previous studies, our findings predominantly revealed the covert sale of fentanyl on AlphaBay and predatory vendors selling illicit drugs, which unbeknownst to buyers, contained fentanyl. To a lesser extent, our findings identified the overt sale of fentanyl patches on AlphaBay. Although we examined only one DNM, the prevalence of the covert sale of fentanyl and the presence of predatory vendors underscores the importance of research that decodes the language of vendors who surreptitiously sell fentanyl or drugs adulterated with fentanyl or other illicit substances. The results of our research can inform strategies aimed at disrupting and dismantling DNM fentanyl networks.     

论信息网络传播权的刑法保护——以知识产权犯罪司法解释为切入点

根据我国著作权立法中复制发行权和信息网络传播权的构成,可以认定,“复制发行”与“信息网络传播”行为必然是互不包容的两类行为,两高的司法解释将“信息网络传播”行为视为著作权罪中的“复制发行”行为,属于类推解释。类推解释使罪刑法定原则在刑法司法解释领域的贯彻面临困境,刑法司法解释应避免类推制度借类推解释还魂的现象。     

抗日民主根据地革命美术活动及其特点

抗日民主根据地的革命美术工作者,始终坚持为抗战服务和为人民群众服务的政治方向,深入人民群众和抗战生活之中,不断地学习民族传统和探求中国风格,创作了很多具有浓郁民族特色并被人民群众所喜闻乐见的优秀美术作品,充分发挥了美术这一教育人民、打击敌人的艺术武器的作用。他们的美术创作不是在与时代隔绝的象牙塔中完成的,而是直接投身于斗争,投身于群众活动的结晶。他们既是画家,同时也是革命家、对敌斗争的英勇战士。     

延安时期陕甘宁边区农民的政治参与

作为一种政治现象,政治参与是衡量民主的重要尺度。本文分析考察了延安时期陕甘宁边区农民为什么参与政治（动力机制）、怎样参与政治（方式）以及政治参与的发展程度等问题。边区农民的政治参与支持了对共产党政权的政治认同,有助于共产党实现广泛的社会动员,进一步推动了边区的民主化进程,也为边区广大农民从传统农民向现代农民转型创造了条件。     

大北京：波核影响下双环-掌状网络发展模式研究

大北京城市圈的发展遵循聚集经济理论与波核理论,即在北京经济核的影响下按照影响强度逐渐降低的规则由中心向外围呈环状拓展,在这种发展模式下,大北京将呈现双环掌状网络发展趋势。由于区域内不同方向上的经济发展状态不同,大北京向外围空间的拓展呈现差异发展态势,沿石家庄-保定-北京-承德一线,东南区域是大北京的主发展区域,西北区域是次发展区域。在掌状发展模式下有选择地刺激大北京腹地内次一级的经济核的发展,会改善北京与周边的次级城市之间的联系,并实现大北京腹地经济的协同发展。     

试论网络虚拟财产的法律保护

随着网络的出现与发展,虚拟财产成为现实。虚拟财产有自己的特征与价值,应当作为客体加以保护,虚拟财产应归入无形财产范畴进行保护。