行政强制司法审查若干问题研究

如何确保人民法院的司法审查能够在《行政强制法》的规范下顺利地实施,是行政审判需要认真研究和解决的问题。人民法院对行政强制的司法审查要注意把握行政强制行为的基本特征、二重性以及基本价值,对行政强制行为要进行类型化处理,注意区分法律行为和事实行为,把握司法审查的内容和强度,处理好主从行为、先后行为以及行政强制权与相对人抵制权之间的关系,注意诉讼审查与非诉审查标准的区别。在强制拆迁中,尤其要把握好人民法院司法审查与行政机关具体实施之间的关系。     

现状与展望:城市化视域中我国城镇行政区划调整

当代中国的行政区划调整是与城市化相伴而生的,二者之间呈现出互助发展的规律。城市化进程中的行政区划调整模式表现为:撤县设区、设立新的市辖区、合并市辖区、扩大市区地域范围以及综合调整等。不同的调整模式有着不同的特点,总体上呈现出缺乏科学的整体规划,具有一定的盲目性;缺乏具体标准,具有一定的随意性;缺乏科学的认识,具有一定的片面性等特征。本文认为,随着城市化的进一步推进,城镇行政区划调整应与推进城镇化发展相结合、与区域内资源合理配置相结合、与地方行政管理体制创新相结合。     

市场经济发展引起的法律价值观变化与行政法回应——从行政法制民主化和注重运用条理法的视角

经济体制改革的实质是走向经济民主化,中国市场经济发展引起法律价值观变化值得关注;在北京进行的典型调查表明,随着改革的深入,现代法律价值观正逐渐丰富;行政法制革新要积极回应法律价值观的变化,从行政法制的基本原则、行政立法、行政执法、行政司法、法律监督等方面推动民主化进程;在新形势下要深化改革、更新观念,还要注重认知和运用条理法,全面推进依法行政,加快建设法治政府。     

社会主义民主政治建设的基础性工程——关于推进基层民主建设的思考

基层民主政治建设是社会主义民主政治事业的一项基础性工程。在党的领导下扎实推进基层民主政治的建设,需要在提高认识基础上通过各种途径拓展基层民主政治的深度和广度,重视充分发挥党内民主对于基层民主的保障与促进作用,以改变执政方式为前提,确立以"共治"方式推进基层民主发展的新思路。     

行政主体适用法律法规错误研究

行政主体适用法律法规错误是行政法治实践中发生的问题，《行政诉讼法》没有作出适用法律法规错误的具体规定，学界对这一问题的讨论亦存在着诸多方面的困惑。因而关于行政主体适用法律法规错误的具体范畴、考量标准等都没能形成比较合理和一致的看法。我们认为，主要有置换法律法规位置、混淆法律法规门类、误读法律法规条文、颠倒法律法规规制事项和曲解法律法规原则等错误适用。应将“适用的法律法规是否与案件事实对应、适用的法律法规是否与当事人对应、适用的法律法规是否与行政职权对应、适用的法律法规是否与行为方式对应”等标准确定下来成为行政法规范，使行政主体在适用行政法时予以注意，并能够为人民法院的司法审查提供法定标准。     

Accountability of Public Servants under Dominant Political Settlements of China: Effects,Challenges, and Issues

Some scholars think that accountability is attainable only under the electoral political system. However, it is argued that China could achieve some weak accountability even without general election system. How could this be achieved in China? The paper attempts to analyze this question with the following steps: first, it describes the specific accountability system by categorizing different approaches based on four dimensions, then focuses on the impacts that these approaches would have, which are based on finance, fairness and efficiency. It is concluded that under a dominant political settlement, only weak accountability exists in China, not real or strong accountability.     

“不依法给付行为＂之判决适用研究——基于《行政诉讼法》第11条第1款第6项的展开

我国《行政诉讼法》第11条第l款第6项是行政给付进入诉讼救济的规范基础，但是因其就给付形态的规定过于模糊，导致当事人救济中获得的判决形式不明。将“不依法给付行为”作动态解释，它可以分为“消极不依法之不给付、少给付行为”、“积极不依法之不给付、少给付行为”以及“不依法之完全给付行为”，相应地分别对应履行判决、撤销判决和确认判决。     

资本主义代议制民主政治制度的元批判——马克思《路易·波拿巴的雾月十八日》新释

《路易·波拿巴的雾月十八日》是多个学科公认的经典名著。但国内外学者对其的解读却往往囿于各自的学科意识,忽视了其作为一篇时事政治评论的创作初衷。基于政治事件史的视角,以马克思《资本论》中成熟的思想作为分析的出发点,能发现马克思在对阶级斗争和国家原理的分析过程中还揭示出了资本主义代议制民主政治制度的本质性缺陷,即"代表"的分裂问题;制度本身无法避免成为保守势力倒转历史车轮的工具;自由主义与民主主义无休止的斗争。这些缺陷使得资本主义国家在周期性经济危机的影响下一直无法摆脱政治困境的周期性反复。当代随着经济危机的反复爆发与萧条的普遍蔓延,各种"煽动者"又开始普遍在资本主义国家政坛上崭露头角,并导致了一系列"黑天鹅"事件的发生。此时重温《路易·波拿巴的雾月十八日》更应别有一番意趣。     

Negotiating normative premises in democracy promotion: Venezuela and the Inter-American Democratic Charter

ABSTRACT

This article analyses negotiations on democracy promotion by looking at the case of the Inter-American Democratic Charter. It argues that Venezuela contested the concept of representative democracy during the Charter negotiations, advancing the notion of “participatory and protagonist democracy” and that, even if it was unsuccessful in its demands, the country contributed to deepening the debate on the concept of democracy, on which there is far from worldwide consensus. The article suggests that the main drivers of the negotiation process and the final agreement were domestic political changes in Venezuela, specific features of the negotiations, and the structural position of Venezuela in the field of democracy promotion in the global and regional contexts, which were, at the time, favourable to a compromising attitude to conclusion of the Charter, even if not to the concept of democracy.     

Rethinking measures of democracy and welfare state universalism: Lessons from subnational research

ABSTRACT

Democracy and the welfare state are two of the most extensively studied concepts and themes in the field of comparative politics. Debate about how to best measure the two concepts has failed to contemplate the extent to which political and social rights are uniformly present across distinct regions of the national territory, despite the presence of substantial subnational research that underscores wide variation inside countries. We argue that this omission hampers our understanding of the two phenomena and we propose a new measure of democracy and healthcare universalism, which we call the Adjusted Measures of Democracy and Welfare Universalism. The new measures integrate territorial inequality into existing national-level indicators, providing a more accurate picture of country performance and opening the door to new, multi-level theory building.