Fathers,adolescent daughters and gender in a low-income South African community

Knowledge about father–adolescent daughter relationships is mostly based on research in North-American and European contexts. Furthermore, it tends to rely on either fathers' or daughters' perspectives, and not on dyadic data. Informed by a social constructionist perspective, this study investigated the fatherhood constructions of fathers and adolescent daughters in a South African low-income community. We used Charmaz' social constructionist grounded theory method. Forty-two interviews were conducted separately with fourteen fathers and their adolescent daughters. Five conceptual categories were identified: (i) Predominance of fathers' provider role; (ii) Fathers and daughters having an ‘understanding’ in which daughters apparently complied with fathers authoritarian positions; (iii) explicit expressions of affection were mostly limited to special occasions; (iv) Fathers wished a better future for their daughters and attempted to keep them on track to such a future and (v) lastly, Fathers' expected daughters to follow their instructions and not their bad examples. Our findings highlight the influential and constricting role of dominant masculine and feminine gender notions in the discourses and practices of the fathers and adolescent daughters in our study. However, some evidence of contestations were present that suggests the potential of a shift towards more equitable gender relations.     

“The Higher You Fly,the Further You Fall”: White-Collar Criminals, “Special Sensitivity” and the Impact of Conviction in the United Kingdom

The resilience of some high-profile white-collar criminals in the media gaze after prison may lead some to conclude, particularly as some research also supports this notion, that this group of offenders generally manages well after conviction. Research in this area is, however, small and largely American. The authors seek to add to this small body of research by offering findings on the impact of conviction on 17 UK convicted white-collar criminals after completion of their sentence. It provides a unique insight into the consequences of conviction, showing that although there were some offenders who did experience limited impact and coped well, there was also a significant group who suffered a decline in status, financial losses, negative media coverage, and relationship and mental health problems, to name some. The authors argue more research is needed on this group and their needs as they are often neglected by the criminal justice system.     

I'm Stuck as Far as Relationships Go

Abstract

This is a study of how heterosexual girls construct the meaning of their health issues within their dating relationships. We found that a number of barriers contributed to girls' difficulty with articulating their needs and desires in their romantic relationships. Adolescent girls who participated in our study blamed themselves for their boyfriends' abuse and lack of commitment and experienced their ability to speak in their own interests as compromised. Many of the girls experienced what researchers term an “impossible choice” between compromising self to maintain a relationship or compromising the relationship to maintain self. The dating relationship was predominantly determined by patriarchal and dualistic thinking that undercut healthy decision making. Assisting girls within supportive environments to reflect upon gendered power differentials in their relationships can facilitate their expression of authentic voice which in turn can enhance their own health behaviors.     

Escalon:

No abstract available for this article.     

前科株连效应的刑法学思考

前科株连效应是指犯罪人的犯罪记录导致其近亲属和其他家庭成员基于法律法规的规定而受到规范性的株连评价，进而导致特定的权利遭到限制、特定的资格遭到剥夺的情况。此种规范性评价立足于犯罪人的犯罪记录，将本应由犯罪人独立承担的不利法律后果从法律层面上延伸到了犯罪人的近亲属和其他家庭成员。中国现行法律体系中广泛存在着前科株连制度，不仅对于犯罪人回归社会形成了巨大的现实障碍，而且客观上严重破坏着犯罪人的家庭关系，促使犯罪人及其近亲属和其他家庭成员走向社会的对立面，成为可能再次实施犯罪的潜在犯罪人群体。     

论量刑程序分立

量刑规范化改革的一个重要方面是程序改革。刑事诉讼制度的体系化特性,决定了量刑改革不可能仅仅依靠程序上的分离,而是需要从整体上对刑事诉讼制度进行调整。在现有体制内进行修正,或将定罪量刑分而治之,是两种不同的改革方案。方案的取舍则需要对其必要性、可行性进行综合分析。     

做中国特色社会主义共同理想的坚定信仰者

党的十七大重申坚定马克思主义理论信仰、坚定中国特色社会主义共同理想，有着特殊的现实针对性。坚定中国特色社会主义理想信念，应当成为当代中国共产党人的自觉追求。坚定中国特色社会主义理想信念．既要坚持科学社会主义的基本原则，叉要结合我国实际赋予其鲜明的中国特色，同时，必须站在新的历史起点上，努力使中国特色社会主义道路越走越宽广。     

论刑事诉讼证明标准--兼及一则典型个案之解析

我国刑事诉讼证明标准理论上存在客观真实与法律真实之争,二者都是在认识论角度论证,因此应引入价值论分析方法.国外存在客观的"排除合理怀疑"和主观的"内心确信"的证明标准,二者相互依存,相互渗透.在具体界定我国"证据确实充分"的证明标准时,应当根据所要证明的罪行轻重,适用不同的证明标准.     

The Peer Appearance Culture During Adolescence: Gender and Body Mass Variations

The purpose of this research was to examine gender and body mass, as factors linked to perceived experiences within the peer appearance culture. The sample included 215 girls and 200 boys who were either in 7th grade or 10th grade. Students provided self-reports on experiences in three domains: appearance culture among friends (appearance conversations and diet/muscle talk), peer evaluations (peer appearance pressure, appearance teasing, and vicarious peer teasing), and peer acceptance concerns (appearance-based acceptance, peer appearance comparison). The results indicated that although girls reported more appearance conversations, boys perceived more appearance pressure and teasing. Boys also admitted that they talked with friends about muscle building at a rate greater than girls talked about dieting. BMI showed distinct gender patterns. BMI was a key attribute that unified the experiences within the appearance culture for overweight girls. Among the boys, BMI was associated with differentiated experiences for underweight and overweight participants.Associate Professor in Educational Psychology at the University of Washington. She is a developmental psychologist specializing in the contributions of peers to body image and social-emotional well-being during adolescence. Research interests include body image during adolescence and gender differences.Doctoral student at the University of Washington in Human Development and Cognition. Her research focuses on the social-emotional development of adolescents, academic and appearance social comparisons, and issues related to gender and science. Research interests include body image during adolescence, gender differences, social comparison, and academic competence.