Effect of low-dose radiation on mutation rates of STR loci commonly used in forensic casework

The possible effect of low-dose radiation on STR markers in people exposed to radiation during their professional activities was estimated in this study. We evaluated mutation rates in 17 forensic STR loci typed by the COrDIS-18 kit (CSF1PO, D10S1248, D12S391, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11, D2S441, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, FGA, SE33, TH01, TPOX, and vWA) in 78 families (father–mother–child) with one parent exposed to low-dose radiation before fertilization. Five mutations were observed. In two cases, the new alleles were delivered from the non-exposed parent. The calculated mutation rate for the 17 studied STR loci in families appeared to be in good concordance with data published for normal populations. No evidence for an elevated mutation rate in STR markers after low-dose radiation was found.     

大数据时代金融诈骗构罪标准的缺陷与修正

随着互联网技术的发展,大数据时代已然到来。大数据技术在给人们带来生活便利的同时,也引发了新型的金融诈骗犯罪。大数据时代下,金融诈骗犯罪存在着假借金融平台外衣、利用随机数据团组、责任影响因素多元、社会危害组成复杂等特点。当下金融诈骗犯罪唯数额论的单一构罪标准存在着无法全面反映金融诈骗行为的社会危害性、无法应对风险社会下的新型风险、刑法条文内部规定欠体系化等明显缺陷。基于此,对大数据时代下金融诈骗犯罪的构罪标准进行修正、构建金融诈骗犯罪多元化构罪标准迫在眉睫。具体而言,在修正金融诈骗犯罪的构罪标准时,除了数额因素外,还应当关注金融诈骗行为的影响范围,以及加重情节中的其他认定因素。同时,以大数据时代下金融诈骗犯罪构罪标准的修正为切入点,刑法应当对大数据时代新的犯罪形式、态势进行充分的回应,从改变金融刑法的立法范式、注重对涉数据犯罪链的整体打击、提倡"软法"之治与刑法谦抑性的坚守这三方面进行进一步的修正,以达到刑法"惩罚犯罪、保护人民"的目的。     

Criminal Records and Employment: A Survey of Experiences and Attitudes in the United States

Ban-the-Box (BTB) legislation, which bans employers from asking about criminal history records on the initial job application, is arguably the most prominent policy arising from the prisoner reentry movement. BTB policies assume: 1) most employers ask about criminal records, and 2) inquiries occur at the application stage. However, we lack reliable information about the validity of these assumptions or about public attitudes towards criminal background checks, which limits our understanding of the potential scope of this innovative policy. Using survey data from a national probability sample, we estimate that in the past year, over 31 million U.S. adults were asked about a criminal record on a job application. According to our survey, virtually all of the criminal record inquiries occurred at the application stage, highlighting the potential of BTB. However, we also found that the public is sharply divided on whether to prevent employers from asking on applications, as per BTB.     

伪造货币罪若干疑难问题例解

以实践中疑难案件为例,探讨伪造货币罪在司法认定中的若干疑难问题,比如伪造缅甸元之类外币、代币券、外币有价证券能否构成伪造货币罪,伪造方法、假币逼真度是否影响定罪量刑,制造、贩卖货币版样行为应如何处理。     

红细胞和血痕酸性磷酸酶(EAP)表型及广东人群EAP基因频率的调查

本文采用薄层聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳检测红细胞及血痕酸性磷酸酶表型,并对不同条件下的血痕标本进行检测,发现室温下(15～33℃)保存的110例纱布血痕7周内可全部正确分型,21例磁板血痕9周内均可正确分型;含血量≥5λl 的血痕可被正确检出 EAP 表型;日晒、水洗、发霉等因素可影响血痕 EAP 型的正确检出。同时调查了广东人群的 EAP 表型分布,基因频率为 p~a=0. 2338,p~b=0. 7662,发现 EAP 基因频率分布存在着地区差异。     

反腐败视野中贪污受贿犯罪定罪量刑模式的问题与出路--基于《刑法修正案（九）》的分析

以数额作为对贪污受贿犯罪定罪量刑的主要标准,虽然直观明了,但过于僵化。《刑法修正案（九）》废除了这一标准,采用“数额与情节择一”的模式,将有利于解决罪刑失衡难题。以往的数额量刑标准难以跟上经济发展的社会现状,若继续采用这一标准势必要不断修改《刑法》,不利于保证《刑法》条文的稳定性,而采用弹性标准则可以克服此矛盾。在贪污受贿案件中,数额的因素只能作为计算罪量的一项参数指标,而情节的因素则理应通过贪污受贿犯罪的情节规定加以明确适用。同时,数额与情节在定罪量刑中的考量比重还需进一步明确。     

浅议刑事诉讼严格证明与自由证明之适用范围

刑事证明规则的核心内容是对证明对象进行严格证明与自由证明。两种不同证明方法的适用,是证据法领域中程序正义和诉讼效率的体现。在司法实践中,区分严格证明与自由证明方法的适用范围则是关键。各国关于严格证明与自由证明的立法规定以及国内外学者的理论争论也多集中于此。一般来说,由于定罪事实涉及案件实体处理结果及被告之重大权益,对其应采用严格证明的方法,而对量刑事实则可自由证明;对程序性事实应该根据其自身不同的法律属性而分别采用不同的证明方法。     

共产党人应如何对待社会主义低潮

在社会主义低潮时期 ,共产党人一定要坚定信念 ,正确评价 2 0世纪社会主义的实践 ,正确认识资本主义的新变化 ,为社会主义新高潮的到来做好积蓄力量的工作。     

中国北方7个群体血痕GLOI遗传多态性现象的研究

应用琼脂糖水解淀粉凝胶平板电泳法，对中国内蒙古呼盟鄂伦春、鄂温克、达斡尔、布里亚特、（东北）蒙古人及包头市（西北部）蒙古族、汉族人血GLOI遗传多态性进行了调查，抽样检测7个群体GLOI表型分布频率，计算出基因频率和识别能力。并将本组7个群体表型频率、基因频率与国内外不同民族、不同地区的表型频率和基因频率进行了比较，阐述了上述7个群体GLOI遗传多态性特征。根据表型频率计算出识别能力（DP值），并评价了GLOI在亲子鉴定和个体识别中的应用价值。     

Narratives of the Past and Present: Young Refugees' Construction of a Family Identity in Exile

Little attention has been given to the ‘refugee experience’of children who follow their parents in escaping violence. Thisstudy examines how the experiences of violence become importantevents in the lives of a group of young refugees who were bornin the Middle East, but escaped with their parents to Denmarkten years ago. On the basis of a narrative analysis the studyshows that the adolescents' experience of being a refugee isgreatly influenced by the stories of the past narrated aboutthe family, and the internal relations and conflicts withinthe families. Adolescent refugees who have grown up with violencein their family relations experience greater difficulties increating new homes in exile than adolescents whose memoriesof violence are connected with a narrative of the historicalpersecution and suffering of their family and people.