We Are Not Quite There Yet …

Abstract

This article explores the authors' critical reflections that arose while engaging in research with girls recovering from an eating disorder. The authors address issues related to media, consumerism, and identity construction. They emphasize that while there are no clear solutions to dilemmas facing girls in North American culture, researchers and practitioners can co-create space with girls where gendered issues are made explicit. Their holistic framework for working with girls does not imply a neutral approach; rather, they aim to honor the complexity of gendered narratives and critically reflect on their implications for practice.     

Responsive Aggression Regulation Therapy (Re-ART) Improves Executive Functioning in Adolescents and Young Adults with Severe Aggression Problems: A Pilot Study

This pilot study (N = 25) compared the effects of a short, four-month version of Responsive Aggression Regulation Therapy Outpatient (Re-ART Compact) and the entire, ten-month intervention (Re-ART Complete) on specific executive functioning (EF) and the risk of violent recidivism in adolescents and young adults (13–23 years). Re-ART is a cognitive behavioral-based intervention for adolescents and young adults with severe aggression problems. The Re-ART Compact and Re-ART Complete groups were comparable on the EF measures inhibition, flexibility, emotion regulation, self-evaluation, and self-control, but the Re-ART Complete group showed more improved risk of violent recidivism. We conclude that Re-ART Compact can be used as a compact, short intervention for EF, which is a valuable addition to the field of forensic mental health care where many problem behaviors relate to poor EF.     

中国人血清脱氧核糖核酸酶I(DNase I)的遗传多态性研究

应用薄层PAGIF（T=5％，C=3％）结合特异酶底物染色技术，调查了中国随机人群DNaseI遗传多态性的分布，检出在中国人群中两种常见的等位基因，即DNaseI*1和DNasel*2，其基因频率DNaseI*1为0．53，DNaseI*2为0．47。家系分析表明：子代个体谱带分别来自父亲和母亲，谱带在亲代和子代之间的传递符合孟德尔遗传规律。按Hardy－Weinberg法则进行吻合度检验，观察值与期望值一致。人血清DNaseI等电点经测定为4．0。     

DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES IN THE IMPACT OF CHILD MALTREATMENT ON LATER DELINQUENCY AND DRUG USE*

Developmental psychopathology emphasizes the impact that early childhood maltreatment has on adolescent and early adult development. The life‐course perspective, however, emphasizes more proximal events—adolescent maltreatment, for example—as developmentally disruptive. Prior research suggests that childhood maltreatment is a risk factor for adolescent delinquency and drug use. However, the results appear to depend on a loose definition of childhood. This study utilizes a four‐category maltreatment classification—never, childhood‐only, adolescence‐only, and persistent—to re‐examine the maltreatment‐delinquency relationship. Using data from the Rochester Youth Development Study, we find no relationship between childhood‐only maltreatment and adolescent delinquency or drug use; yet, we do find a consistent impact of adolescence‐only and persistent maltreatment on these outcomes.     

论定罪量刑中的法官情感

情感是人对客观事物的态度体验及相应的行为反应 ,情感对认知活动具有重要意义。笔者认为 ,定罪量刑是一种认知活动 ,在该活动中不可避免地搀杂着法官的情感因素。情感在法官定罪量刑过程中具有双重功能 :一方面可能使刑事判决具有合理性 ,能够较好地实现刑法公正 ;另一方面可能使刑法判决失去理性 ,从而导致刑法公正丧失。在定罪量刑过程中排除法官情感对定罪量刑的影响是不现实的 ,也是不必要的。我们所要做的 ,是把法官情感控制在一定的合理状态 ,其方式有两种 :一是自我调整 ,二是制度保证。     

中日韩三国青少年权益保护现状比较

中、日、韩三国都很重视青少年维权和相关立法工作,各自建有相应的工作体系。三个国家有着相似的文化背景和传统观念,在青少年权益保护方面虽因国情不同存在一定的差异,但也有很多共同之处。比较相关维权状况,可以为加强我国青少年维权工作提供可借鉴的有益经验。     

Correlates of Reduced Misconduct Among Adolescents Facing Adversity

This study examines the association between engagement in daily challenges and school misconduct in a sample of adolescents. Engagement is assessed by the amount of time spent in challenging activities and in terms of subjective ratings of success in daily challenges. Analyses employ data from a study in which adolescents provided self-reports of their immediate experience over the course of 1 week in response to signals generated at random times by alarm wristwatches. Analyses also test whether the number of opportunities for engagement in school activities is associated with misconduct. Because adolescents who face substantial adversity at home or at school are at particular risk for increased misconduct, associations are tested separately for high- and low-adversity adolescents. Results indicate that both time in daily challenge and perceived success in daily challenge are independently associated with reduced misconduct, and that these associations are slightly more pronounced for high (as compared to low) adversity adolescents. Extracurricular opportunities were shown to be associated with reductions in misconduct for high- but not low-adversity adolescents. Among high adversity adolescents, opportunity for engagement and perceived success in daily challenge were not only associated with reduced misconduct in cross-sectional analyses but also were predictive of reductions in misconduct over time.     

Chapter I: Children and Youth Grow and Develop in Group Care

No abstract available for this article.     

青少年偏差行为的成因概述

个体内因、同伴关系影响、家庭环境濡染及社会环境影响,无疑是青少年产生偏差行为基本的原因层面。从多学科视角看,在个体内因层面中,包含着行为遗传、生命意识缺失、归因偏差、应对方式偏颇等因素;在同伴关系层面中,核心的问题是青少年心理和行为上的二元性;在家庭环境层面中,主要有家庭功能缺失和家庭功能过度介入两方面因素;在社会环境层面中,应特别关注互动模式和传媒导向两大因素。     

暴力电子游戏对青少年攻击行为的影响机制

暴力电子游戏对青少年攻击行为的影响不容忽视，社会学习理论和社会认知理论对其影响机制进行了解释。社会学习理论认为对游戏中榜样的观察学习是获得攻击行为的主要方式，替代强化等是维持攻击行为的强化机制；社会认知理论强调分析具体的社会信息加工过程，认为暴力电子游戏会导致社会信息加工的偏差，从而引发攻击行为；一般攻击模型对上述理论进行整合，形成了该研究领域中最为完整的理论体系，全面、有效地解释了暴力电子游戏对攻击行为的影响。