成人高等教育学分制改革新探

与传统学年制相比,学分制有更大的灵活性和实用性。成人学员具有很大的个体差异性,必须兼顾工作与学习。学年制的高度统一与整齐划一已日益暴露出弊端。成人高等教育应“以学生为本”,把学生作为教学主体,进行符合成人特色的学分制改革。学分制改革必须围绕选课制这一中心,以完善的教学管理制度为保障,以现代信息技术作支撑。     

DELINQUENT BEHAVIOR,OFFICIAL DELINQUENCY,AND GENDER: CONSEQUENCES FOR ADULTHOOD FUNCTIONING AND WELL‐BEING*

The general aim of this article is to evaluate the consequences of both delinquent behavior and institutionalization as a juvenile delinquent on the quality of adult functioning and well‐being, with a specific focus on gender differences. Data were gathered from two related data sources: a sample of previously institutionalized offenders (n=210) and a sample of individuals living in private households (n=721). Males and females in both samples were interviewed initially in 1982 when they were adolescents and re‐interviewed in their late twenties. Results showed that having been institutionalized as an adolescent seriously compromises multiple life domains in adulthood, especially for females. The data also show that an official delinquent status and a high level of involvement in delinquency during adolescence each has independent consequences for male and female adult functioning and well‐being. Institutionalization is strongly predictive of precarious, premature, unstable, and unsatisfied conditions in multiple life domains but much less predictive of behavioral outcomes. On the other hand, a high level of delinquency involvement in adolescence is predictive of antisocial behavior in adulthood, but it tends to have no direct effects on adversity in other life domains. These results are mostly invariant across gender.     

家庭伦理语境下的犯罪原因研究

几乎所有的违法犯罪都与其家庭相关。在家庭伦理语境下分析犯罪的产生,有恋爱自由被破坏、多角恋爱、爱情欺诈、爱情被金钱玷污、婚前性行为等爱情伦理方面的原因;有婚外情、重婚、错误的性伦理观念等婚姻伦理方面的原因;有对尊老爱幼人伦的违背、夫妻不和、不道德的生活方式以及邻里纠纷等家庭道德方面的原因。     

新世纪成人高校图书馆发展机遇和对策研究

进入21世纪,随着知识经济的到来和信息网络技术的发展及应用,图书馆事业面临着新的机遇和挑战,成人高校图书馆如何把握机遇,应对挑战,是当前亟待解决的问题。     

The effects of drying the rinsed dissected heart on postmortem heart weight

Blood and blood clots should be removed from the heart chambers before being weighed. The actual method in removing blood and blood clots may vary and can include manual removal with subsequent rinsing the heart in water. It is unclear whether drying the rinsed heart affects the heart weight. The objective of this article was to investigate the effects drying the rinsed dissected heart (residual rinsing water) on postmortem heart weight. The prospective study compared 44 dissected heart weights after being rinsed and after being pat dried. An average 18–20 g of residual rinsing water (4% of heart weight) was present in the dissected heart. The amount of residual rinsing water correlates positively with heart weight. The effects of drying the rinsed dissected heart were considered clinically insignificant. Although being clinically insignificant, this study highlights the lack of standardized approach in weighing the heart and the potential implications in interpreting heart weights.     

论成年人监护制度的最新发展:支持决策

支持决策是为响应联合国《残疾人权利公约》第12条的要求在成年人监护领域出现的新理念和新措施。支持决策的核心价值是使残疾人在他人的帮助下自主做出决定,从而维护残疾人的人格尊严与自由。支持决策在世界范围内受到极大关注,很多国家都在尝试建立支持决策的法律模式。我国正处于民法典编纂过程中,支持决策理念的出现为我国成年人监护立法提供了新思路、新方向。我国民法典婚姻家庭编在设计成年人监护制度时应以辅助制度体现支持决策的指导思想及具体内容。     

论成人英语听力理解的难点及对策

随着成人英语教材及成人统考的改革,听力考试成为统考的新题型。成人英语学习者都迫切想突破“听得见,听不懂”的困境,提高自己的听力水平。为此,在教学中应针对具体情况,采用灵活多样的教学法,在整个教学过程中注意打好学生的语言基础,从基本的语音、词汇、语法入手,逐渐导入文化因素,并传授听力技巧策略,以其能解决成人荚语学习者听力理解的困难,提高其听力理解的能力。     

学习型社会的要求与成人高校发展思路

学习型社会作为一种社会模式和社会理想,要求构建有助于人人学习、终身学习、自主学习、开放式学习的国民教育体系。成人学习是学习型社会的主体,成人教育在满足成人学习方面扮演着无可替代的角色。在构建学习型社会的目标下,成人高校要获得长足的发展,就必须结合自己的实际情况,牢固树立"为成人学习者服务,促进人的全面发展"的新观念;分阶段实现"把成人高校办成学习型组织"和"使成人教育成为知识更新、知识创新的教育"两大目标;正确处理建设学习型社会的世界潮流与国情、省情、校情的关系,正确处理量的扩充和质的提高的关系,正确处理继承性学习和创造性学习的关系;灵活采取与市场衔接、与就业挂钩、实施名校战略、拓展教育空间以及通过网络与学习型社会链接等策略。     

对成人高等教育质量的再认识

我国成人高等教育发展存在着明显的二重性和教育现实目的要求与传统质量评价标准之间种种强烈冲突。人们对成人高等教育质量的非难既有合理的一面,也有因套用传统标准,形成无端怀疑,得出错误结论的不合理的一面。因此,必须重塑成人高等教育质量观,突出成人教育特色,坚持教育改革,有效提高成人高等教育质量。