论成人英语听力理解的难点及对策

随着成人英语教材及成人统考的改革,听力考试成为统考的新题型。成人英语学习者都迫切想突破“听得见,听不懂”的困境,提高自己的听力水平。为此,在教学中应针对具体情况,采用灵活多样的教学法,在整个教学过程中注意打好学生的语言基础,从基本的语音、词汇、语法入手,逐渐导入文化因素,并传授听力技巧策略,以其能解决成人荚语学习者听力理解的困难,提高其听力理解的能力。     

学习型社会的要求与成人高校发展思路

学习型社会作为一种社会模式和社会理想,要求构建有助于人人学习、终身学习、自主学习、开放式学习的国民教育体系。成人学习是学习型社会的主体,成人教育在满足成人学习方面扮演着无可替代的角色。在构建学习型社会的目标下,成人高校要获得长足的发展,就必须结合自己的实际情况,牢固树立"为成人学习者服务,促进人的全面发展"的新观念;分阶段实现"把成人高校办成学习型组织"和"使成人教育成为知识更新、知识创新的教育"两大目标;正确处理建设学习型社会的世界潮流与国情、省情、校情的关系,正确处理量的扩充和质的提高的关系,正确处理继承性学习和创造性学习的关系;灵活采取与市场衔接、与就业挂钩、实施名校战略、拓展教育空间以及通过网络与学习型社会链接等策略。     

对成人高等教育质量的再认识

我国成人高等教育发展存在着明显的二重性和教育现实目的要求与传统质量评价标准之间种种强烈冲突。人们对成人高等教育质量的非难既有合理的一面,也有因套用传统标准,形成无端怀疑,得出错误结论的不合理的一面。因此,必须重塑成人高等教育质量观,突出成人教育特色,坚持教育改革,有效提高成人高等教育质量。     

注重成人学习动机的培养和激发

在社会发展对人才素质要求不断提高、继续教育与终身学习不断实施的今天,大批的成人都已参与到学习活动中来。成人学习活动有其自己的独特规律和独有特性。成人学习动机的特点具有社会性、多样性和发展性。为更好地培养和激发成人的学习动机,实践中,必须探求成人的学习需要,激起成人的学习期待;培养成人正确的学习态度,为其创造良好的学习环境;不断提拱多样化的教育服务;设计难度适当的持续的学习任务;及时向成人学员反馈学习结果;必须注重成人的经验对学习的影响,使他们在实践中学以致用。     

Sense of Community and Positive Adult Beliefs Toward Adolescents and Youth Policy in Urban Neighborhoods and Small Cities

Understanding adult beliefs about adolescents is an emerging issue for researchers and policy-makers. The purposes of this study were to describe adult beliefs regarding the motivation and ability of young people to contribute to their communities, and to test the hypothesis that adults with a strong sense of community would have more positive views of young people and youth policies. Two samples of adults—a race/ethnically diverse population from an urban northeast city (N = 321) and a more homogeneous population from smaller cities in a midwest state (N = 430)—were queried through telephone interviews. Parallel analyses were conducted to compare the pattern of results across the 2 distinct populations. In both samples, upwards to 60% of adults had moderate-to-strong appraisals of adolescents as community resources. Adults from the midwest, however, tended to have more favorable beliefs about adolescents. Adult beliefs about adolescents and youth policy were largely independent of sociodemographic background. In contrast, and as predicted, adult sense of community and safety accounted most significantly for individual variation in beliefs in both populations. The results indicate that society may be receptive to a new frame of reference about young people, and that local efforts to build a sense of community among adults may result in more positive beliefs about adolescents.     

成人教育存在的问题及发展策略

成人教育是我国实现终身教育不可或缺的教育形式。大力发展成人教育事业是我国经济和社会发展的需要,是实施科教兴国、建设高素质人才队伍、实现可持续发展战略的重要保障。     

政治文明与监狱法治化

法治是政治文明的标志、基石和保障。监狱法治化程度不仅影响着执行刑罚和改造罪犯的效果,也从一个方面反映了国家政治文明建设的进程。政治文明是一定历史条件下受经济、文化、社会等诸多因素制约的产物。监狱法治化亦任重而道远。推进监狱法治化,必须全面认识依法治监的涵义,逐步健全监狱法律体系,完善执法监督和制约机制。     

成人高等教育教材选用的若干问题与对策

目前,成人高等教育学生所选用的教材并没有充分体现成人特点,且同专业的专科、专升本层次教材使用混乱。必须加强成人高等教育教材体系建设,适度鼓励自编教材,并把教材管理作为一个系统工程加以推进。     

Profiles and Correlates of Relational Aggression in Young Adults’ Romantic Relationships

The present study examines prevalence and correlates of experiencing and perpetrating relational aggression in the context of young adults’ romantic relationships. We assess correlates of relational aggression in four domains of risk: (1) Social-cognitive, (2) Relationship, (3) Trait/dispositional, and (4) Mental health. Results indicate that modest involvement in relational aggression is relatively common. Females reported higher levels of perpetration whereas males reported higher levels of victimization. Relational aggression and victimization were related to each domain of risk for both men and women, although different patterns of findings emerged for each domain. For example, individuals who reported perpetrating relational aggression in their romantic relationships believed that aggression was most acceptable (social-cognitive risk) whereas individuals who reported experiencing relational aggression (as victims) were more likely to indicate that their self worth is contingent on relationships and that romantic relationships are very important to them (dispositional risk). Respondents who reported either perpetrating or experiencing relational aggression had higher levels of exclusivity in their relationships and were more likely to describe their relationships in anxious attachment terms (relationship risk). They also reported higher levels of depressive and anxious symptoms (mental health risk). Implications of these results for theory and prevention and intervention efforts are discussed.

The Influence of Individual and Partner Characteristics on the Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence in Young Adult Relationships

This study examines individual and partner characteristics associated with the perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) in young adult relationships with opposite sex partners. Using data from Waves 1 and 3 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study examined 1,275 young adults’ heterosexual romantic relationships. Controlling for the effects of family and school correlates measured in adolescence, we examined the extent to which participants’ general violent behavior in young adulthood and their partners’ use of violence in their relationship influence participants’ IPV perpetration. We found that both having general violent tendencies and being a target of violence in a relationship influenced one’s likelihood of young adults perpetrating IPV. We also tested whether the overall influence of participants’ general violent behavior on IPV perpetration was moderated by their partners’ use of violence in the relationship. We found that young women’s greatest expression of violent tendencies emerged when in relationships with violent men; yet, when partnered with non-violent men, young women’s own violent tendencies did not lead to IPV. We found little evidence for the interactive effect for young men in the study. The lack of a significant interaction in the model indicated that young men’s general aggression was not conditioned on their partners’ use of physical aggression in their relationships.