Applying Violentization: From Theory to Praxis

A holistic, agentive, and progressive violent crime control policy derived from the theory of violentization will be presented. The theory is based on three main ideas: (1) violent dominative encounters, (2) violentization process, and (3) violent communal disorganization and organization. On the basis of each one of these ideas, specific policy recommendations are developed for stymieing the formation of attempted and completed violent criminal acts; the development of violent, ultraviolent, and violent predatory criminals; and the transformation or maintenance of the communities in which these criminals evolve and later commit their crimes. The policy formulated is holistic because it attacks the problem of violent crime on three different integrated levels, and takes into account that not all violent criminals, violent criminal acts, and communities are equally violent; thereby, different modes of intervention are needed for them. The policy is agentive because it views both actual and potential violent criminals as active agents in their commission of violent criminal acts and rehabilitation. Finally, the policy is progressive because it makes education—antiviolent, remedial, vocational, and higher education, and gainful employment in legitimate occupations—the cornerstone of violent crime prevention and violent offender rehabilitation.     

社会危机与干预中的青少年成长机制

社会危机是常态社会发展进程中出现的扰乱因子,而干预是对危机中的青少年的一种修复或维护,它既包括来自外部的社会干预,也包括来自自身的自我修复体系。基于个体与社会的互动关系,危机和干预这两种力量对正在成长中的青少年至关重要。从危机中防御行为的习得,到对危机和新环境的认知评价的建立和自我修复功能的完备,到人类集体潜意识对危机的承载,危机下的青少年成长正经历着这一深刻的变化。引导青少年正视危机,在危机中学会生存、适应,建立完备的心理防御体系与社会支持保障系统,是克服危机,促进成长的基本途径。     

Political imperatives and military preparations: New insights into why South Africa’s 1998 intervention in Lesotho went awry

In September 1998 South African troops crossed into Lesotho to restore stability to the small mountain kingdom that had been roiled by protests for months. Operation Boleas encountered heavy resistance – in the ensuing chaos dozens died and the towns of Maseru, Mohale’s Hoek and Mafeteng were damaged. Media and scholarly commentary on the intervention was scathing, but in the rush to judge there has been insufficient effort to chronicle and clarify. This article uses declassified archival records and interviews with policy makers to provide a more exhaustive explanation of how the Mandela Administration decided on the deployment of troops into Lesotho. It focuses on the difficulty South African officials had in aligning their political objectives with the military exigencies of the rapidly changing crisis. This re-examination of the Lesotho intervention rectifies historical inaccuracies while also identifying potential problems that policy makers should be conscious of when considering future peace missions.     

论科学发展观与党的先进性建设

科学发展观作为党的重大理论成果,不仅是经验的总结,客观规律的揭示,而且对党的先进性建设具有重要意义。科学发展观体现了党在世界观和方法论上的先进性,体现了新的历史条件下党的根本宗旨,体现了党在领导发展能力上的先进性。     

日美防卫合作指针评析

新指针是日美实质性修改 6 0年安保体制的标志。新指针由于将我国台湾地区纳入其“周边地区”范围 ,违反了国际法和《中日联合声明》及《中日和平友好条约》,干涉我国内政 ,因而是非法的 ,也应是无效的。新指针的出台为日美利用台湾问题干涉我国内政提供了“法律依据”;助长了“台独”分子的嚣张气焰 ;加大我解决台湾问题的难度。但中日美三国并不会因为台湾问题而爆发全面战争 ,为此我们应在坚持原则性的基础上要有适当的灵活性。     

Building terror while fighting enemies: how the Global War on Terror deepened the crisis in Somalia

Somalia has become a front in the US Global War on Terror (GWoT) because of the potential connection between terrorism and state fragility. While originally oriented towards ‘building states while fighting terror’, Enduring Freedom in Somalia obtained quite the opposite result of deepening the existing conflict. Why and how did the GWoT result in the controversial outcome of ‘building terror while fighting enemies’? This article argues that the GWoT sponsored in Somalia an isolationist strategy that encouraged the political polarisation and military radicalisation of the insurgency. To explore this argument, the article first analyses the structure of the intervention by focusing on the interests and strategies of the interveners. Then it evaluates the conditions under which the modality of intervention (through the use of diplomatic, economic and coercive measures) violated the conditions essential to resolving conflict.     

Protocols or principles? Reimagining suicide risk assessment as an embedded,principle-based ongoing conversation in youth work practice

Given that suicide is a leading cause of death for young people worldwide, it is likely that youth workers will encounter adolescents who are contemplating ending their lives. Drawing on a larger grounded theory investigation into suicide interventions, in this article the practice of appraising a young person's risk is critically examined using textual analysis of assessment tools and agency policies in conjunction with 19 semi-structured interviews in Western Canada. Analysis revealed that youth workers use a series of predetermined questions with the purpose of identifying the youth's risk level (i.e., high, medium, low) leading to a particular action, which suggests that suicide is predictable and risk is static. This process renders workers blind to the fluidity and uncertainty of suicidality and posit suicide intervention may be reimagined as an embedded, ongoing conversation based on youth work principles.     

Diaspora Mobilization for Western Military Intervention During the Arab Spring

ABSTRACT

Literature on diaspora interest groups suggests that they exacerbate home-country conflicts by lobbying for hawkish interventions. However, studies fall short of understanding why diasporas support militarized interventions in home-country conflicts. Using original data on Libyan and Syrian pro-revolution activism during the Arab Spring, I demonstrate that extreme escalations in state repression, activists’ transnational ties, and norms supporting the “responsibility to protect” produced perceptions that militarized interventions were necessary countermeasures to mass killings. Overall, analyses of diasporas’ orientations to home-country conflicts should account for annihilative threats to populations at home, diasporas’ relations with those on the ground, and humanitarian intervention norms.     

谈凯恩斯与凯恩斯主义

约翰.梅纳德.凯恩斯是西方近代宏观经济学的开创者,是公认的20世纪最具创造性和最有影响力的著名经济学家、在经济学领域引发革命的学术泰斗、凯恩斯主义的创始人。凯恩斯经济理论的基础是有效需求理论,国家干预理论是其经济理论最核心的内容。凯恩斯以其天才的智慧提出的经济理论和政策主张,无论是对当代世界资本主义国家还是对我国都产生了重大的影响。