35例性心理障碍的法医学鉴定分析

目的分析性心理障碍患者的医学和心理状况，总结该类案件的法医学鉴定体会。方法对35例经过调查取证、智力测验、MMPI测验的性心理障碍被鉴定人作回顾性分析。结果性心理障碍患者的智能多正常，存在不同程度的情绪和人格异常，以抑郁、强迫、焦虑、偏执、癔病、精神衰弱和病态人格为主；责任能力评定与被鉴定人的童年期性取向教育、恋爱经历、夫妻性关系、性心理障碍类型有关。结论性心理障碍患者发生特定犯罪行为的心理学机制不同于普通犯罪人群，评定责任能力不宜等同于正常犯罪。     

POLICING CRIME AND DISORDER HOT SPOTS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL*

Dealing with physical and social disorder to prevent serious crime has become a central strategy for policing. This study evaluates the effects of policing disorder, within a problem‐oriented policing framework, at crime and disorder hot spots in Lowell, Massachusetts. Thirty‐four hot spots were matched into 17 pairs, and one member of each pair was allocated to treatment conditions in a randomized block field experiment. The officers engaged “shallow” problem solving and implemented a strategy that more closely resembled a general policing disorder strategy rather than carefully designed problem‐oriented policing responses. Nevertheless, the impact evaluation revealed significant reductions in crime and disorder calls for service, and systematic observations of social and physical disorder at the treatment places relative to the control places uncovered no evidence of significant crime displacement. A mediation analysis of the isolated and exhaustive causal mechanisms that comprised the strategy revealed that the strongest crime‐prevention gains were generated by situational prevention strategies rather than by misdemeanor arrests or social service strategies.     

英语教学中的合作学习和学习者的情感因素

合作学习是一种以学生为中心的教学理论与策略体系。文章通过对“合作学习”理论和学习过程中的情感因素的探讨，提出在英语教学中实施合作学习对学习者的情感因素有着明显的调整作用，并正面影响学习者的学习效果。     

论作为一种创伤后心理反应形式的分离

分离指意识与记忆的正常联结过程的隔断，即思想、感情、经历无法整合到意识流，它是一种对创伤经历保持无意识的机制，几乎所有遭受创伤后的个体都会表现出分离症状。目前，分离常被用于心理与行为障碍的诊断上。关于分离产生的病源学，一般研究者考虑的是环境的影响，还有一些病源学模型提出遗传素质影响分离的假设。分离在临床症状上有三个易混淆的概念：分离性体验、分离性症状和分离性障碍。在儿童和青少年精神病治疗中，分离常常被错误诊断，或者处理不当或者分离症状被忽略，恰当的评估对他们的临床治疗非常重要。     

BEYOND COMMUNITY: REACTIONS TO CRIME AND DISORDER AMONG INNER-CITY RESIDENTS

Research on fear of crime has been primarily quantitative, focused mostly on "fear,""crime," and "disorder." Little work has investigated alternative reactions, including "safety," when crime/disorder are prevalent. With the purpose of exploring reactions to crime and underlying processes, this study applies a grounded theory approach to in-depth interviews and field observations with a group of 69 disadvantaged urban residents, randomly selected from a sample of Chicago welfare recipients. Results suggest that fear, absent in neighborhoods with incivilities and in many violent areas, is not the prevalent response to local crime/disorder; "cues" other than crime/disorder trigger fears; fear may not be of crime/disorder; and neighborhood problems elicit precautions, which neither influence fear nor "paralyze" respondents. The processes underlying these reactions are discussed.     

Correlative Factors for Organic Psychotic Symptoms in Patients Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Objective To investigate the correlative factors for organic psychotic symptoms following trau matic brain injury （TBI）. Methods In the current study, 391 subjects who had undergone forensic iden tification of the organic mental disorders due to TBI were included, both the demographic and posttrau matic information collected. The relevant data were statistically analyzed in those confirmed as organic psychotic syndrome according to Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders 3rd version （CCMD3）. Re suits Fiftytwo subjects （13.3%） were identified as organic psychotic symptoms. The chisquare test showed that the detectable organic psychotic symptoms were associated with the marriage status, damage nature, injury severity and treatment, and the multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed good fitness of treatment and injury severity with the regression model （OR=0.044, 95% CI： 0.0170.114; OR=2.145, 95% CI： 1.201-3.832, respectively）. Conclusion The risks of organic psychotic symptoms following TBI can be involved in the alternative of craniotomy for the cases with trauma and moderate brain injury.     

从政府角度浅析转型期社会秩序重建途径

目前我国正处于社会转型期,主要体现在体制转轨、社会整体的和全面的结构状态过渡及社会形态变迁。在这一转变过程中,社会失序表现得越发明显。主要表现在严峻的犯罪形势、公共权威的弱化、部分社会规范不能得到正常的遵守和维护及社会矛盾突出,常规社会控制手段无法运转。因此,政府应及时、有效全程干预社会秩序,保障权力的运行;加强社会秩序问题潜伏、引发阶段的社会秩序监测和预警,及时修补现有秩序的防御功能;提高社会秩序问题爆发、持续阶段的新秩序建构能力,发挥新秩序的应急功能;加强社会问题善后阶段社会秩序的恢复和重构,重新发挥社会秩序的长久保障功能。     

精神病态罪犯的情绪障碍模型评述

精神病态是一种表现在人际关系、情感、生活方式和反社会特质等方面的人格障碍。国外精神病态关于情绪障碍模型存在着几种主要观点及神经机制,但是各种模型均存在一定的不足,最主要的问题是模型过于简单、忽视其他特质的影响以及以成年白人罪犯为主要研究对象。精神病态罪犯的情绪障碍研究应朝三个方向努力,即认知模型与神经模型相整合,注意在行为表现与神经机制之间起着调节作用,开展跨文化研究。     

The Influence of Self-Threats on Fairness Judgments and Affective Measures

This paper focuses on the question of why fairness matters to people. Extending on terror and uncertainty management theories and the literature on the self, it is proposed here that fairness can be a means of self-defense. Thinking of a situation that is threatening to the self therefore should make fairness a more important issue to people. The findings of two experiments support this line of reasoning: Asking participants to think about things that are threatening to themselves led to stronger reactions to manipulations of both procedural and distributive fairness. In the discussion it is argued that these findings suggest that fairness especially matters to people when they are trying to deal with threats to their selves.