人皮肤组织刺、切创后IL-8表达的免疫组织化学研究

为探讨人皮肤刺、切创后白细胞介素 8(interleukin 8,IL 8)在推断皮肤损伤时间中的应用价值 ,本研究应用免疫组化技术对 5 2例不同损伤时间人体皮肤刺、切创组织中IL 8的表达进行了研究。伤后 4h的损伤皮肤组织中可见部分的多核粒细胞表达IL 8。伤后 12～ 2 4h ,大部分浸润的多核粒细胞及部分单核细胞为IL 8阳性。随伤后时间延长 ,IL 8阳性细胞以单核及成纤维细胞为主。伤后 4～ 6h的皮肤中 ,IL 8阳性细胞比率较低 ,为 16 0±10 1%。伤后 1～ 4d达高峰 ,为 5 9 6± 8 7%。其后逐渐减少。本研究结果表明 ,IL 8的表达可用于皮肤刺、切创后损伤时间的推断。     

PDGF-β,PDGFR-β,TGF-β1,bFGF在创伤愈合过程中的表达变化与损伤时间关系的研究

目的研究细胞因子在创伤及修复过程中的表达变化与损伤时间 ( 伤口年龄 ) 的关系 . 方法用免疫组织化学技术和图像分析技术 , 对实验大鼠不同损伤时间的生前伤 ( 0.5～ 168h am) 及死后伤 ( 0.5～ 6h pm) 皮肤创缘组织中细胞因子和受体的表达变化进行了研究 . 结果在生前伤 , PDGF- β , PDGFR- β , TGF- β 1, bFGF等细胞因子在上皮细胞的表达于损伤后 0.5h am 即开始增强 , 其中以 24～ 96h am反应最强 . TGF- β 1, bFGF 以及 PDGF- β除了在上皮细胞的表达外 , 还大量出现在肉芽组织的巨噬细胞和成纤维细胞内 , 亦以 24～ 96h am 最明显 , 而死后损伤组上述因子仅在 0.5～ 3h以内有弱表达 , 3h后则均无任何表达 . 结论 PDGF- β , PDGFR- β , TGF- β 1, bFGF在创伤愈合过程中的变化及特点与损伤时间的关系可作为推断损伤时间的免疫病理学标志 .     

青少年骨关节X线片的骨龄研究

通过对11～16周岁女性及13～20周岁男性青少年左侧肩、肘、腕、髋、膝、踝关节拍摄X线片,进行了青少年的骨龄研究.根据骨骼生长发育的特点,提出了各大关节X线片判定骨龄的观察指标及分级标准,并使用SPSS软件包进行数据处理,建立了青少年利用6大关节骨骺愈合程度判定女性是否已满14周岁、男性是否已满16周岁或18周岁的判别分析方程.     

儿童偏矮身材的中医体质分布及风险预测模型构建

目的 调查北京市海淀区学龄前儿童偏矮身材的中医体质和其他影响因素并构建风险预测模型,为儿童偏矮身材的防治提供参考。方法 运用整群抽样和问卷调查方法,共纳入1 612例北京市海淀区学龄前儿童作为研究对象。偏矮身材影响因素的效应大小用比值比（odds ratio,OR）及其95%置信区间（confidence interval,CI）表示。使用STATA 14.0进行统计分析,采用R软件绘制列线图风险预测模型。结果 儿童偏矮身材检出率为14.0%。偏矮身材组和正常身高组阴虚质的分布差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示偏矮身材的显著影响因素是父亲身高（OR=0.90,95% CI为0.87~0.93,P=0.000）、母亲身高（OR=0.89,95% CI为0.86~0.92,P=0.000）、出生身长（OR=0.92,95% CI为0.87~0.97,P=0.002）、出生体质量（OR=0.48,95%CI为0.36~0.65,P=0.000）、母乳喂养时间大于12个月（OR=1.51,95% CI为1.11~2.05,P=0.008）、阴虚质（OR=1.19,95% CI为1.01~1.39,P=0.038）。根据显著影响因素构建列线图风险预测模型,一致性指数为71.0%（P<0.001）。结论 儿童偏矮身材可能是遗传、出生情况、母乳喂养和中医体质多因素影响作用的结果。     

信息化战争中我军舆论战战法的构建

信息化战争按时间可划分为扼制战争阶段、战前准备阶段、战争实施阶段、战争结束阶段。科学构建信息化战争中我军舆论战战法,需要将信息化战争各阶段舆论战的“重心”细化为各种具体任务,针对每个任务提出相关战法。     

IL-33在小鼠皮肤创伤后损伤时间推断中的作用

目的通过观察白细胞介素-33(interleukin-33,IL-33)在皮肤创伤后的时序性变化规律,探讨IL-33在法医学实践中用于损伤时间推断的应用价值。方法利用直径为5mm的圆形锉刀在小鼠背部建造皮肤损伤模型,于伤后1h、3h、6h、12h、1d、3d、5d、7d、10d取损伤处组织,对照组在与创伤组小鼠相同部位取同等大小的皮肤样本。采用苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色法观察皮肤创伤后愈合过程中的形态学变化,通过Western印迹法、免疫组织化学染色和双重免疫荧光染色法检测皮肤创伤样本IL-33的表达变化。结果Western印迹法结果显示,伤后3h,IL-33蛋白表达稍有下降,6h后IL-33蛋白表达逐渐增加,于伤后3d达峰值,随后逐渐减少。免疫组织化学染色结果显示,在对照组皮肤的表皮、毛囊、皮脂腺及真皮中固有细胞有少量IL-33阳性表达,伤后3h,IL-33阳性细胞率开始增加,伤后3d达到峰值,随后逐渐减少。双重免疫荧光染色结果显示,伤后1~3d,IL-33阳性表达细胞主要为巨噬细胞,伤后5~7d,IL-33阳性表达细胞主要为肌成纤维细胞。HE染色结果显示该皮肤损伤模型创口愈合过程符合炎症的病理学发展规律。结论IL-33有望成为法医学推断皮肤损伤时间的参考指标。     

The predictive validity of youth violence risk assessment tools: a systematic review

ABSTRACT

This paper reports the findings of a systematic search of published literature which reports the predictive validity of violence risk assessment tools specifically designed for use with youth. A total of 38 studies, involving 9,307 participants, reported data for six different tools; the most common of which were the SAVRY and the YLS/CMI. Each of the tools demonstrated at least moderate levels of predictive validity, with the predictive validity of several newer assessment tools yet to be established. The results provide an up-to-date overview of the state of knowledge in an area in which practitioners make choices about which tools to use on an almost daily basis. It is important that practitioners are aware of the strength of evidence that is available to support the choice of violence risk assessment tools and the interpretation of results.     

Third molar development in a London population of White British and Black British or other Black ethnicity

Population differences in dental development between Black and White ethnic groups have been debated but not previously studied in the UK. Using inappropriate data for dental age estimation (DAE) could lead to erroneous results and injustice. Data were collected from dental panoramic radiographs of 5590 subjects aged 6–24 years in a teaching hospital archive. Demirjian stages were determined for left-sided teeth and third molars and data collected regarding hypodontia and third molar agenesis. Third molar development in self-assigned Black British, including other self-assigned Black ethnicity, was compared with that of self-assigned White British subjects. Data were compared for males and females in the two ethnic groups using T-tests for Demirjian Stages A–G of third molar development and Mann-Whitney tests for Stage H once a cut-off age at the maximum age for Stage G had been imposed. Third molar development occurred earlier in subjects of Black ancestry compared to those of White ancestry. While both ethnic groups showed large age ranges for every third molar stage, in female subjects these generally occurred at least 1.5 years earlier, and in males at least one year earlier. Hypodontia and third molar agenesis were more prevalent in White British, but the ethnic difference in third molar development persisted in subjects with complete dentitions. This is a large study that confirms ethnic differences in a London population, emphasises the difficulties of establishing the 18-year-old threshold using DAE, and confirms the risk of overestimating the age of individuals of Black ethnicity using White ethnic reference data.     

Local government advocacy in the ‘suburban age’: an institutionalist interpretation of Melbourne’s evolving sub-metropolitan regional structures

ABSTRACT

The ‘suburban age’ has been conceptualised as the dominant global urban spatial reality for the 21^st Century, yet the politics associated with this heightened expansiveness remain underdeveloped. Of relevance is the potential for suburban discontentment across a myriad of spaces centred upon the under provision of infrastructure and employment. With urban regions often highly fragmented by local government boundaries, bottom-up inter-local government responses assume significance, including sub-regional advocacy given enduring hierarchical government dependencies. In consideration of the evolving strength of sub-regional advocacy, three institutionalist themes are introduced: credibility, coherency and coordination. Empirical insights are presented from chief executive officer (CEO)-based interviews conducted across expansive Melbourne, Australia. In Melbourne, a ‘weak mayor/strong CEO’ local government system predominates beneath a state government with extensive metropolitan responsibilities. Melbourne’s sub-metropolitan regional structures have recently looked to strengthen their external presence through actions illustrative of the identified themes, with local government CEOs playing a key role in directing their evolving character. The global ‘suburban age’ must be associated with heightened sub-regional competition across enlarged urban regions, the management of which will present a growing spatial challenge for political leaders.     

Older parents' expectations for filial support

A measure of general filial obligation expectations is presented. With data from a representative sample aged 70 and older, we show that generalized expectations for support from adult children are not patterned systematically by sociodemographic factors or by health needs of the older respondents. A typology is presented which relates expectations for help to judgments of the level received. This typology is meaningfully related to social indicators presumably related to need such as marital status and socioeconomic status. Whether one is dissatisfied, satisfied, or pleasantly surprised by the assistance one receives is associated with evaluative judgments of children. The parent-child bond is affected not only by exchange patterns but by the fit between expectations and exchange patterns.