Age Estimation from Radiographic Images of the Knee

This study examines the reliability of age estimation utilizing the Pyle and Hoerr atlas in relation to a modern Scottish population. The knee radiographs of 442 individuals (168 females, 274 males) were age assessed using the Pyle and Hoerr atlas. Analysis showed that there was a strong correlation between chronological age and estimated age (females R² = 0.968, males R² = 0.952). For females, the atlas method was most accurate between the ages of 9 and 15 years of age with an underage of 2.27 months and an overage of 2.38 months. For males, the atlas consistently overestimated age from the age of 9 years to the age of 16 years from between 0.14 and 8.81 months. The standard deviation for females was 9.86 months and for males was 10.75 months. This study showed that the Pyle and Hoerr atlas can be applied to a modern population with small modifications.     

大鼠骨骼肌挫伤后ASCT2 mRNA的表达变化

目的应用实时定量PCR技术检测大鼠骨骼肌挫伤后细胞中性氨基酸载体ASCT2 mRNA表达,分析其与挫伤时间的关系。方法建立大鼠骨骼肌挫伤模型,分别取伤后4、8、12、16、20、24、28、32 h及对照组检材。提取总RNA,逆转录合成第一链的cDNA,以RPL13为内参基因进行荧光定量检测,采用2-△△Ct法比较其与对照组肌肉组织中ASCT2 mRNA的相对表达量。结果损伤组肌肉组织中ASCT2 mRNA在挫伤后12、16h表达量分别为对照组的196.40%和189.15%,损伤后4、8、20、24、28、32h ASCT2 mRNA表达量与对照组相比无统计学差异(P>0.05),说明ASCT2 mRNA在损伤12～16h其表达量较正常组及其他损伤时间组要高,而在损伤20h以后ASCT2 mRNA表达量又降至正常水平。结论大鼠骨骼肌挫伤后32h之内ASCT2 mRNA的表达有一定的时间规律性,可望作为推断骨骼肌损伤时间的指标之一。     

广东东莞市男性青少年肩关节正位DR片骨龄研究

目的利用肩关节正位数字化X线片（DR片）上诸骨发育特点建立男性青少年骨龄评测数学模型。方法对广东东莞市310名15~22岁男性青少年拍摄肩关节正位DR片,根据锁骨肩峰端（X1）、肩胛骨肩峰端（X2）、喙突（X3）、肱骨近端（X4）及锁骨胸骨端（X5）骨骺发育分级评分,利用SPSS统计进行各骨骼发育评分与年龄间的相关分析、Fisher＇s线性两类判别分析及多元逐步回归分析。结果 X1~X5与生活年龄间的Pearson相关系数分别为0.496、0.571、0.559、0.702、0.807（P〈0.01）;16、17、18周岁判别分析综合判别率为87.2%~91.4%,年龄推断多元逐步回归方程准确率（±1岁）约79.8%。结论本研究建立的年龄判别分析方程及多元逐步回归方程,可为法医活体年龄鉴定提供了新的地区性标准和方法。     

四川省阿坝地区藏族青少年膝关节骨发育趋势

目的探讨四川省藏族青少年膝关节骨发育趋势,更新利用膝关节骨龄推断我国藏族青少年活体年龄的数据资料。方法在我国四川省阿坝地区调查483例14~19周岁藏族男、女性青少年膝关节X线片,选取股骨远端、胫骨近端及腓骨近端骨骺作为骨骼发育指标,观察骨骺发育情况,并运用SPSS 16.0统计学软件计算出青少年膝关节骨骺闭合年龄的描述性数据。结果膝关节中,闭合最早的骨骺是股骨远端骨骺,闭合最晚的是腓骨近端骨骺,其中女性青少年膝关节骨骺发育较男性提前约1岁左右。结论应用于法医学活体骨龄鉴定的藏族青少年相关数据资料应定期更新。本研究结果可为法医学、人类学及临床医学等相关学科在进行骨龄评价时提供参考。     

Facial Age Synthesis Using Sparse Partial Least Squares (The Case of Ben Needham)

Automatic facial age progression (AFAP) has been an active area of research in recent years. This is due to its numerous applications which include searching for missing. This study presents a new method of AFAP. Here, we use an active appearance model (AAM) to extract facial features from available images. An aging function is then modelled using sparse partial least squares regression (sPLS). Thereafter, the aging function is used to render new faces at different ages. To test the accuracy of our algorithm, extensive evaluation is conducted using a database of 500 face images with known ages. Furthermore, the algorithm is used to progress Ben Needham's facial image that was taken when he was 21 months old to the ages of 6, 14, and 22 years. The algorithm presented in this study could potentially be used to enhance the search for missing people worldwide.     

大鼠骨骼肌挫伤后Fzd2表达与损伤时间的关系

目的检测大鼠骨骼肌挫伤后卷曲受体蛋白2(frizzled-2,Fzd2)mRNA及其蛋白表达量与损伤时间的关系,探讨其是否可以作为损伤时间推断的指标。方法利用RT-qPCR和Western印迹法检测正常对照组及损伤后4~48 h每4 h大鼠骨骼肌中Fzd2 mRNA和蛋白水平的表达量。结果 Fzd2 mRNA在损伤后24 h、36 h、40 h相对表达量增高,24 h组表达量达正常对照组的两倍(P0.05);而Fzd2蛋白在损伤后相对表达量变化不明显(P0.05)。结论大鼠骨骼肌损伤后Fzd2 mRNA在一定时间内的表达变化情况可以作为多指标联合推断损伤时间的依据。     

中国汉族成人肱骨近端CR片特征与年龄的相关性

目的探讨中国汉族成人肱骨近端CR片的特征随年龄变化的规律,以推断年龄。方法 210例中国汉族成人肩关节CR片,其中男性124例,年龄范围18~83周岁,女性86例,年龄范围18~60周岁,选取与年龄变化关系密切的肱骨骨髓腔高度、肱骨近端骨骺骨小梁变化、肱骨大结节内骨小梁变化、锁骨骨髓腔肩峰侧骨小梁变化4项指标,观察不同年龄各指标的变化进行统计分析。结果四项指标均是影响年龄变化的重要因素。肱骨近端骨骺骨小梁变化、锁骨骨髓腔肩峰侧骨小梁变化对年龄的预测影响较大,肱骨骨髓腔高度、肱骨大结节内骨小梁变化稍小。利用以上指标建立的回归方程能很好的反映成人肱骨的增龄性变化,预测骨龄较为准确。结论利用成人肱骨骨髓腔高度、肱骨近端骨骺骨小梁变化、肱骨大结节内骨小梁变化、锁骨骨髓腔肩峰侧骨小梁变化可推断年龄。     

Age estimation of Korean adults by occlusal tooth wear

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the validity of the modified Kim's scoring system as a practical method of recording occlusal tooth wear and estimating age. For this purpose, 1092 pairs of maxillary and mandibular full-arch casts were randomly selected, scored, and analyzed. The results showed that the modified Kim's scoring system had excellent reliability, and that occlusal tooth wear had a positive correlation with age. Tooth wear scores of all teeth except the two lower central incisors were higher in males than in females. Calculating tables for age estimation were designed by multiple linear regression analysis. Estimated ages were within +/-5 years of actual ages in 63.5% of male subjects, and 64.0% of female subjects. The accuracy of age estimation was increased when the subjects were divided into two age groups and data were re-analyzed. Collectively, it was shown that the modified Kim's scoring system is a reliable and accurate method for age estimation, and that the data from these 1092 individuals can be used as a standard for age estimation of Korean adults.     

X线骨龄评估方法研究进展与展望

骨龄评估的传统方法主要包括计数法、图谱法及计分法等,近年来又有一些学者不断提出其他新的方法。利用骨骼X线片影像学特征推断骨龄是当前法医学工作者进行骨龄评估的主要手段。但是,将此骨龄推断结论作为"证据"直接提供给司法审判机关,因其存在着一定的误差尚值得商榷。因此,为了提高骨龄鉴定结论的精确度,还需进行更多方法学的研究。经参阅国内、外大量相关文献,现就X线片骨龄评估方法的研究与进展进行综述。