Family Transitions and Later Delinquency and Drug Use

Changes in the family structure can be very disruptive to adolescents who live in those families. This article examines the impact of the number of family transitions on delinquent and drug-using behavior. Specifically, the effect of family transitions is hypothesized to be mediated by problems within the family, school, and peer settings. A sample of 646 boys (73%) and girls (27%) taken from a longitudinal panel study of high-risk adolescents are used to examine these hypotheses. For girls, little support is found for the direct or the indirect effect of family transitions on delinquent behavior or drug use. For boys, however, both forms of problem behavior are influenced by family transitions directly and indirectly through changes in, and problems with, peer associations. The findings suggest that during times of family turmoil, the friendship network of adolescent male children is also disrupted, leading to an increase in associations with delinquent others and, in turn, an increase in problematic behaviors.

浅析建立企业年金的必要性

社会保障体系改革不仅要解决原有保障制度历史遗留问题,更重要的是应该着眼于未来。构造新型社会保障体系以促进我国转型后市场经济的健康发展,不仅需要加快建立城镇职工基本养老保险制度,同时还要积极发展企业年金。     

特别权力关系理论:死亡或者再生

特别权力关系理论的发展经历了漫长的历史,而在现代社会它又面临诸多窘境.从法理学角度看,法律需要对法律之外的治理规则保有足够的尊重;从社团理论的角度看,基于社团独立性的要求和专业性的特点,行政法干预社团治理应存在必要的限度.以上两点为特别权力关系理论存在的必要性提供了理论基础.基于理论更新和进一步成长的需要,必须对特别权力关系理论进行创造性转换,一是对其进行精神内核上的更新,即将该理论的理论目的从服务于封建专制、为君主统治寻求合法性依据转变为补救现代法治的不足,为研究规范新兴的社会关系提供理论上的支撑;二是对其进行内容上的调整补充,这主要包括重点研究社团内部的规则治理和将对特别权力关系理论的研究扩展到行政法学以外.     

驾驶员心理素质与行车安全谈

在道路交通诸要素中,驾驶员具有特别重要的作用,因为除了行人和自行车交通以外,其他客、货运输都要由驾驶员来完成。优化驾驶员的心理素质,消除消极的心理行为,使驾驶员具有高度的社会责任感、良好的职业道德、身体素质、心理素养和熟练的驾驶技术,对于保证行车安全具有十分重要的意义。     

加强团干部培训实效性的新探索

创新团干部培训,提高培训的实效性,应努力实现五个转变：从经验型向科学型转变;从单向灌输型向双向交流型转变;由单一说教向多种方式转变;由粗放型向精品型转变;由有形教育向隐形教育转变。只有这样,我们才能增强团干部培训的实效性,为团的各项工作的顺利开展提供重要的思想政治保证和人才、智力支持。     

农村人口变迁对农业家庭经营的影响与法律对策

作为农村社会变迁的重要组成部分,农村人口变迁主要包括人口数量、结构、质量、心理素质以及思想观念等方面的变化。在新的历史时期,我国农村人口的变迁呈现出独特的趋势。农村人口各个方面的变迁会对农业家庭经营产生重要而又深远的影响,因此,必须重视农村人口变迁的趋势及其影响,着力调整计划生育、农村就业以及农村公共产品供给等方面的法律制度,确保我国农业家庭经营获得健康发展。     

认同与构建:新中国成立以来少数民族文化政策变迁研究

少数民族文化政策与时俱进的变迁与发展是培育少数民族新型公民的需要,是构建少数民族国家政治认同的基础条件。文化认同是国家认同与民族认同的桥梁和纽带。文章通过对新中国成立以来少数民族文化政策变迁的内容与特点进行比较分析,深入挖掘少数民族文化政策的政治内意,即通过文化认同、价值认同动员少数民族同胞凝聚共识,推动国家认同与民族认同的统一。     

Timing and Appearance of Postmortem Root Banding in Nonhuman Mammals,

A study was undertaken using nonhuman mammal specimens to better understand environmental influences on postmortem hair root band (PMRB) formation and to see whether PMRBs would occur in nonhuman mammal hairs in a similar fashion to human hairs. Carcasses from surrounding roadways were the primary source of specimens for this study, augmented by donated deceased domestic pets. Sections of pelt from each specimen were placed in controlled environmental conditions while the remainder of the carcass was left in a secure outdoor setting. Hair samples were collected daily from outdoor and control specimens and examined for evidence of PMRBs. Several environmental factors were also recorded on a daily basis. Results demonstrate PMRBs can occur in nonhuman mammal hairs, and they have microscopic characteristics similar to human PMRBs. Factors found to correlate with PMRB formation include postmortem interval, temperature, pH, and the formation and subsequent volatilization of ammonia from the surrounding tissue.     

Cindy Sherman in a New Millennium: Fashion,Feminism, Art and Ageing

ABSTRACT

If feminism and the fashion industry were once seen as adversaries, given how the strictures of Simone de Beauvoir in The Second Sex (1949) permeated so much of second wave feminism, a consideration of ‘fashion’ is now central to contemporary feminist scholarship. But just as the earlier critique of fashion seemed finally to have been supplanted, certain basic arguments around dress and makeup nevertheless resurfaced within contemporary feminism. The current neoliberal climate has led to the ever-increasing consumption of ‘fashionable’ goods, provoking unease and encouraging the contested ‘protectionist discourse’ within feminism to shield young women from just such excesses. Meanwhile, the fashion world itself, arguably more powerful than ever, has across the last twenty years continued a process of legitimising itself through its various modes of alliance with the art world; it has even hijacked elements of feminist practice in the pursuit of publicity. This article suggests that the fashion industry and contemporary feminism are nonetheless alike in one significant respect: neither have properly engaged with the needs of an ageing population. It is an omission that this article will seek to examine through a discussion of the recent ‘portraits‘ of Cindy Sherman, an artist of great interest to feminist scholars, in whose earlier work there was a discernible ‘anti-fashion’ element. Now ‘fashionable’ herself, a leading figure in the global art world, she has collaborated with the fashion industry in rather different ways. Her ‘portraits’ of 2012, in which she reconfigured herself as imaginary Manhattan socialites in or beyond middle age, and a later series, exhibited in 2016, where she appears as a series of ageing, anonymous ‘movie stars’, reveal more general ideological tensions surrounding the representation of women, the ageing process and the fashionable ideal. It is the dissection of these tensions that underpin this article, for while Sherman’s work has been the subject of academic debate across a forty year period, her use and critique of the ‘fashionable ‘ image has not been examined alongside an exploration of the expanding activities of the fashion industry itself; nor have her recent images of ageing women been examined within this more general context.     

The institutional failures of International Monetary Fund conditionality

The purpose of this paper is to propose an analytical framework integrating the diverse explanations of the failure of IMF conditionality. The IMF is a key player in the running of markets in a global economy. The institutional failures of IMF conditionality are appreciated at two complementary levels: (a) its intrinsic bureaucratic bias, and (b) the inability of the IMF to manage the institutional change required for the development of market processes. A new approach of conditionality suggests the separation of the role of the IMF as financial backer from its role as adviser to countries confronted by the globalization process.