司法鉴定改革之我见

“司法鉴定”应当有广义和狭义两种定义;狭义的司法鉴定应当在审判活动中由法庭启动;侦查机关的刑事技术鉴定属于侦查措施———只能从广义上理解成司法鉴定。我国司法鉴定改革应当立足于中国国情,考虑当前的诉讼制度和社会经济与文化背景,做到公正、高效、有利于维护法律秩序。建议通过立法理顺体制、规范管理,并建立“三级鉴定”制和“存疑举证”制。     

The role of epistemic communities: local think tanks,international practitioners and security sector reform in Kosovo

ABSTRACT

Security sector reform (SSR) in Kosovo remains complex and challenging. The existing approach is heavily driven by international agencies. This article addresses the question: What role is played by local research in Kosovo’s SSR? This study focuses on the challenges that local research poses to internationally led SSR in Kosovo, and the contribution that local researchers make to the decision-making of international practitioners. In Kosovo, local research organizations produce research analysing and critiquing international SSR and offering alternative approaches. The study builds on existing studies of epistemic communities and research use in policy-making and new evidence based on the author’s interview survey of researchers and policy-makers in Kosovo. The article argues that focusing on the interaction between local researchers and international policy practitioners provides valuable insight into the construction of Kosovo’s SSR. The study deconstructs the structures, processes and agencies at the heart of the local/international relationship. It explains how local research on topics of security, justice and rule of law, and its interaction with international practitioners, challenges international SSR and contributes to international SSR decision-making.     

Coercive capacity,land reform and political order in Afghanistan

This article compares four historical periods in Afghanistan to better understand whether land reform in the post-2001 context will improve prospects for political order. Its central finding is that political order can be established without land reform provided that the state is able to establish and maintain coercive capacity. However, the cost of establishing political order mainly through coercion is very low levels of economic development. We also find that when land reform was implemented in periods of weak or declining coercive capacity, political disorder resulted from grievances unrelated to land issues. In addition, land reforms implemented in the context of highly centralized political institutions increased property insecurity. This suggests the importance of investing in coercive capacity alongside land reform in the current context but also that establishing inclusive political institutions prior to land reform will increase its chances of success.     

Beyond the ownership question: who will till the land? The new debate on China’s agricultural production

A high-profile debate is taking place in China concerning the organization of agricultural land and production, with profound implications for China’s countryside. This debate is between those advocating for agricultural production to be taken over by large-scale agribusinesses, and those against this. Proponents regard agribusinesses as embodying modernity and progress, while those against forewarn of the channeling of profits out of peasant hands, the loss of peasants’ autonomy over labor and land, and the destruction of rural life. Recent English language publications on China’s agrarian change highlight the growing power of agribusiness and related processes of depeasantization, implying the Chinese debate on “who will till the land?” is futile. But this view obscures efforts by Chinese scholars and policymakers to promote forms of agricultural organization conducive to maintaining peasant livelihoods. By examining the Chinese debates on agribusinesses, family farms, and cooperatives, this article highlights points of contestation among policymakers and alternative possibilities, which may yet shape the course of China’s agrarian change. This article contributes to scholarship on China’s agrarian change, broader questions concerning depeasantization, and developmental possibilities under collective ownership.     

论我国公共部门管理中激励机制的完善

公共部门人员的激励问题是一项时代发展提出的新课题。在传统管理中,由于观念的滞后与制度的缺失,造成了在公共部门管理中管理有余而激励不足的现象。在新的背景下如何构建既与市场经济规律相适应又与社会主义价值体系相一致的公务员激励机制呢?这就需要完善公务员工资制度,以能力、业绩为基础完善考核、奖励、晋升制度,实行工作丰富化与多样化,以人为本,推进组织民主,并坚决反对腐败。     

美国集团诉讼立法变革及其对中国的启示

为矫正集团诉讼实践中的相关缺陷,美国集团诉讼立法数十年来进行了一系列的变革,相关变革取得了较显著的成效。我国现行群体诉讼制度因司法政策限制、制度设计缺陷及民事诉讼理论研究的滞后而在实践中运行困难,这一局面的打破有赖于我们对美国集团诉讼立法理念、立法技术与核心法律规则的充分借鉴。     

事业单位的分类规划——基于组织功能分化的视角

随着前期经营自主权的下放,现有事业单位的价值目标已分化为经济价值、多元的社会价值和政治价值三大类。根据相关的组织理论,社会组织的分化与分工在很大程度上取决于各种运行机制在相互协作中的彼此融合。在剥离和部分剥离追求经济价值和政治价值组织的基础上,事业单位应转换为由政府创立或主办,主要利用社会资源和社会机制,或同时运用社会机制和国家机制,或主要使用公共资源和国家机制提供公共物品的公立机构。     

改革开放以来党中央解决民生问题的决策与实践

改革开放以来,现代化战略的制定实施凸显了民生取向特点,中国经济的巨大发展,亦与人民生活的巨大改善紧密结合,但出现了发展中新的民生问题。党中央面对新的民生问题,在发展的指导思想上及实践中实现了若干重大转变,采取了若干重大举措,使民生问题的改善得到了实质性提升。党中央在解决民生问题上的决策与实践,主要受到中国现代化发展战略变化的影响与制约,同时也受制于演进中的不同的制度安排。     

能源大部制改革的历史分析与启示

以1988年至1993年第七届中央政府时期的能源部改革为案例,运用分析性叙述的方法,深入描述这次改革的背景、方案、运行、结果及影响。在分析能源部改革历史逻辑、总结改革失败教训的基础上,提出三个有关行政体制改革的观点:(1)大部制并不能针对性地解决部门协调的问题,仅仅提供了协调的机会和可能性;(2)以简政放权为目的的大部制改革难以实现部门协调的目标;(3)在对行政改革进行评价时,必须重视改革文化的培育与维护。     

《食品包装》课程教学改革的研究

食品包装是一门广泛联系各学科综合性强的专业必修课,对食品包装课程的教学改革进行了探讨,简述了从教学团队、教学内容、教学方法和实践教学等方面进行教学改革的具体办法。