日本农业支持政策及对中国的启示

日本通过农业支持政策对农业实施保护,其保护程度在发达国家中是比较高的。日本的农业支持政策经过了高关税、严格价格控制、农业经济协调发展、注重生态保护4个阶段。现行的农业支持政策存在粮食管制制度严格、关税保护政策引发的利益损失、农协负面作用等问题,目前正通过发放专项补助、改变农业结构、改进农协功能等措施对现行农业支持政策进行改革。研究日本的农业支持政策,将对中国有重要的启示作用。     

Agricultural policy in Russia and WTO accession

This article analyzes the implications of World Trade Organization (WTO) accession for Russian agricultural policy. Using Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) data on producer support from 2010, we identify two major characteristics of Russian agricultural and trade policy (a) reliance on sizeable differences between world and domestic prices to generate two-thirds of agricultural producer support and (b) highly distortionary budget support. We then consider whether the disciplines introduced by WTO accession will constrain or even roll back these distortionary policies, thereby substantially changing the nature of agricultural policies in Russia. Using data from OECD-FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) and Russian Ministry of Agriculture projections, we conclude that the structure of OECD-type producer support in 2020 will be very similar to its current state. Market price support will continue to dominate the Producer Support Estimate, and the projected Current Total Aggregate Measure of Support (AMS) will approach the WTO Bound Total AMS (the ceiling on production-distorting support) only in 2018. For the reasons above, we conclude that although WTO accession provides opportunities for important changes in Russian sanitary, phytosanitary, food safety, trade, and tariff policies, membership is not a guarantee of systemic change. In fact, a serious look at Russian WTO commitments makes a minimum-change scenario quite possible and even likely.     

The Transformation of Urban Vegetable Retail in China: Wet Markets,Supermarkets and Informal Markets in Shanghai

The state-monopolised system of vegetable retail in socialist urban China has been transformed into a market-based system run by profit-driven actors. Publicly-owned wet markets not only declined in number after the state relegated its construction to market forces, but were also thoroughly privatised, becoming venues of capital accumulation for the market operators now controlling these properties. Self-employed migrant families replaced salaried state employees in the labour force. Governments' increased control over urban public space reduced the room for informal markets, exacerbating the scarcity of vegetable retail space. Fragmentation in the production and wholesale systems restricted modern supermarkets' ability to establish streamlined supply chains and made them less competitive than wet markets. The transformation of urban vegetable retail documented here shows both the advance that capital has made in re-shaping China's agrifood system and the constraints that China's socialist institutions impose on it. Shanghai's experience also shows that the relative competitiveness of various retail formats is shaped by the state's intervention in building market infrastructure and institutions.     

价格、GDP与政府对中国税收收入增长的影响

改革开放以来,为了满足政府履行各项职能的需要,中国税收收入获得了快速增长。物价水平的涨落及其波动程度不同对税收收入增长会产生不同影响。GDP增长对税收收入增长的影响会因地区结构和产业结构的不同而异。在税收制度的设计到税收征管的落实整个过程中,政府任何一项行为都将影响税收收入情况。然而,政府行事的关键应该在于保证征税的公平性,而非一味地追求税收收入增长。因此,政府应该致力于促进GDP的增长和改进政府与税收收入相关的行为。     

价格听证中消费者代表作用的现实思考

价格听证作为公众参与公共决策制定的一项重要机制,在我国建立已有七年之久,实践中取得了一定的成效,但是也存在不少问题,尤其是消费者代表在听证实践中作用明显不足。应从加大价格听证宣传、增进公众听证意识、完善消费者代表遴选机制等方面加强消费者代表的作用。     

律师行业收费探析

律师属于特殊服务行业,他们的服务事关人们的权利、尊严和自由,但律师收费却是一个经济问题,从现代经济学的观点看,对律师服务收费的形式、高低及限价等过于束缚恐怕不能保障委托方的利益,同时也损害了代理方的利益.     

试论涉案物品的价格鉴定

刑事诉讼中物品估价鉴定结论是侵财类案件定罪量刑的重要证据之一,起着举足轻重的作用,但实践中该制度还存在着种种不规范的地方,特别是对一些特殊物品的鉴定,在鉴定主体、鉴定依据等方面都争议较多。本文分析了当前涉案物品价格鉴定中的突出问题,并就如何改进和完善涉案物品估价提出了建议。     

长三角房价走势的趋同性研究

本文运用相关的研究方法,结合长三角地区不同行政区域房价的月度数据,对上海、江苏和浙江这三个区域的房价及其关联性进行了分析和验证.结果表明:上海通过自身"累计效应"不仅带动了上海房价的上升,而且产生了较大的"溢出效应",带动了浙江和江苏房价的增长;江苏对浙江房价也有较强的溢出效应;而江苏和浙江对上海房价上涨的贡献度均相对较弱.由此说明,上海、江苏和浙江可以依据其他地区房价的变动及对自己的贡献度来预估本地的房价走势.     

论跨国公司在华并购对我国金融资源的影响

跨国公司进入我国一直以新设投资为主,种种迹象表明,跨国公司在华的并购投资活动将很快会掀起一个高潮。新设投资和并购投资是差异很大的两种投资模式,这种差异必然会对我国的人民币汇率和资产价格的形成产生很大的影响。     

大学生未毕业先置业背后的理性思考

大学生未毕业先置业已成为当前房地产市场上的一大特色。房价攀升、炫耀性消费心态和盲从心理是大学生提前置业的主要驱动力。因此，政府要稳定房产市场，引导大学生树立正确的消费观，真正做到理性消费。