采用Identifiler系统进行全同胞关系判定的准则探讨

目的 探讨采用Identifiler系统进行全同胞关系判定时共有等位基因数(IAN)和全相同基因座数(A2)的标准.方法 依据IAN和A2的有限分布,将IAN的31种取值代入已建立的判别函数,获得判定全同胞时IAN和A2的阈值,据此确定4种标准,对经Identifiler系统分型的280对全同胞和2003对无关个体对进...     

Allele frequencies of 20 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat loci in a tribal population of Deccan Plateau, India

Population: Eighty male individuals from a nomadic tribal population belonging to Dravidian and Indo-Caucasian ethnicities from Deccan Plateau, Andhra Pradesh, India, were analyzed in the present study.     

A proposal for standardization in forensic canine DNA typing: allele nomenclature of six canine-specific STR loci

In this study a proposal for the allele nomenclature of six polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) loci (PEZ3, PEZ6, PEZ8, PEZ10, FHC2161, and FHC2328) for canine genotyping (Canis lupus familiaris) is presented. The nomenclature is based on the sequence data of the polymorphic region of the microsatellite markers as recommended by the DNA commission of the International Society of Forensic Haemogenetics (ISFH) in 1994 for human DNA typing. To cover commonly and rarely occurring alleles, a selection of homozygous and heterozygous animals were analyzed and subjected to sequence studies. The alleles consisted of simple tri- and tetra-nucleotide repeat patterns as well as compound and highly complex repeat patterns. Several alleles revealing the same fragment size but different repeat structures were found. The allele designation described here was adopted to the number of repeats, including all variable regions within the amplified fragment. In a second step the most commonly occurring alleles were added to an allelic ladder for each marker allowing a reliable typing of all alleles differing in size. A total number of 142 unrelated dogs from surrounding municipal animal homes, private households, and canines in police duty were analyzed. The data were added to a population database providing allele frequencies for each marker.     

广西巴马小型猪21个微卫星座位的DNA多态性分析

利用 2 1个微卫星座位统计了广西巴马小型猪品系内的等位基因组成 ,计算了各位点的基因纯合率和多态性信息含量 (PIC)及平均杂合度。结果 ,2 1个位点的平均基因纯合率为 5 5 .5 % ,平均PIC为 0 .3 5 0 1,平均杂合度为 0 .3 881。结果提示 ,广西巴马小型猪具有一定的遗传稳定性 ,已成为一个稳定的遗传群体 ,符合封闭群动物的遗传特征     

中国汉族人群15个STR基因座的等位基因频率调查

目的 调查10071名中国汉族无关个体15个STR基因座的等位基因的类型及其频率，并与以往相关文献报道的汉族群体资料进行统计比较。方法 应用PowerPlex~(TM)16荧光标记复合扩增系统，对10071份中国汉族无关个体的血样DNA进行15个STR基因座的复合扩增；用ABI 377或3100遗传分析仪对扩增产物进行分型，统计15个STR基因座的基因频率。结果 15个STR基因座共发现226个等位基因，频率在0.0001～0.5512；除D8S1179基因座外，其它基因座均发现稀有等位基因，数目1～7个不等，共34个。在中国汉族人群，稀有D21S11基因座的等位基因32.1和36.2，D18S51基因座的等位基因15.2和17.2，Penta E基因座的等位基因15.2、17.4、18.4、19.4、26和27，D7S820基因座的等位基因9.2、10.1、11.1和15，Penta D基因座的等位基因18、19和20，TPOX基因座的等位基因14，FGA基因座的等位基因13，以及较常见但欧洲稀有的D21S11基因座的等位基因30.3和D7S820基因座的等位基因9.1和9.2等均为首次报道。结论 大样本基因频率调查有利于观察STR基因座的稀有等位基因；本研究结果与以往相关文献报道的结果有不同程度的差异。     

武汉汉族6个STR位点多态性研究

应用PCR及PAGE电泳技术对武汉汉族人群作DIS1656、D2S441、DHFRP2、D8S1132、D10S2325、DXS6804等STR位点进行遗传学多态性调查,结果DIS1656、D2S441、DHFRP2、D8S1132、D10S2325位点分别检出基因10,8,5,10,11个,分别检出基因型42、26、13、38、44个;DXS6804女性检出5个等位基因型,14个基因型,男性检出7个等位基因.经检验,6个STR基因座基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,累积个人识别能力为0.99999987,累积非父排除率为0.9939.DIS1656等6个STR均属高杂合度,高鉴别能力的遗传标记系统,在法医学个人识别和亲子鉴定中有较高实用价值.     

基于等位基因特异性PCR原理建立的SNP分型新方法

目的建立一种新方法,对多个单核苷酸多态性(singlenucleotidepolymorphism,SNP)位点进行分型。方法基于等位基因特异性PCR原理,采用荧光标记复合扩增和毛细管电泳技术,根据PCR片段长度差异进行分型。选择SNP位点共11个,每个SNP位点设计两条长度不同、3’末端分别与SNP两个等位基因碱基配对的上游引物,同时为了增加特异性,在两条等位基因上游引物的3’末端第3或第4位碱基人为引入错配。在距离上游引物100～300bp范围内的合适位置,设计下游共用引物,并进行荧光标记。所有位点经过复合扩增后,PCR产物经ABIPrismTM310型遗传分析仪电泳分离,确定每个SNP的基因型。结果每个SNP位点纯合子为单一产物峰,杂合子则为长度不同的两个产物峰。不同的SNP位点扩增产物长度不同,根据产物长度和产物峰的数量进行SNP分型,一次完成11个SNP位点分型,其结果与直接测序完全一致。结论荧光标记复合扩增片段长度差异等位基因特异性PCR法是一种简单快速而有效的SNP分型新方法。     

共有基因座数和等位基因数用于结直肠癌组织的身源认定

目的 探讨结直肠癌组织中STR基因座变异情况及其身源认定方法. 方法 用Identifiler系统对50对新鲜结直肠癌组织及其身源正常组织(CR-N)组进行STR分型,计算CR-N组中变异STR基因座及全不同基因座数(A0)、半相同基因座数(A1)、全相同基因座数(A2)和共有等位基因数(IAn),比较CR-N组、无关个体对(UI)组和全同胞对(FS)组中上述参数的分布差异,通过判别分析建立判别函数.结果 结直肠癌组织中STR基因座基因型改变发生率为3.33%.CR-N组中A1、A2和IAn呈显著偏态分布并与其在UI或FS组中分布差异显著.依据IAn、A1/A2分别建立了CR-N与UI、CR-N与FS的判别函数,其对结直肠癌组织身源认定错判率均为0.00%. 结论 结直肠癌组织中STR基因座基因型改变发生率较高;本研究所建立的判别函数是进行结直肠癌组织身源认定的一种可行方法.     

Genome‐wide Screen for Individual Identification SNPs (IISNPs) and the Confirmation of Six of Them in Han Chinese with Pyrosequencing Technology*

Abstract: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) offer promise to forensic DNA analysts, but it remains uncertain whether a panel of individual identification SNPs can be as informative as the Combined DNA Index System short tandem repeats. Based on the highly accurate and publicly available HapMap SNP database (r21a) and a minor allele frequency cutoff of ≥0.45, we completed a genome‐wide screen through 3,905,819 SNPs with internally modified computer programs and identified 1439 SNPs with high heterozygosity and low F_st values among four populations (Utah Caucasian, Han Chinese, Tokyo Japanese, and Nigerian Yoruba). Using pyrosequencing technology, we studied six loci in a relatively large group of samples to determine whether these loci were as informative as the HapMap data suggest. These SNPs performed as expected in the Han Chinese in terms of heterozygosity and F_st. The 1439 identified SNPs should provide a comprehensive and reliable set of loci for identity and relationship testing.     

判别函数在同胞鉴定中的应用

目的探讨判别函数法在全同胞与半同胞鉴定中的应用价值。方法根据360对全同胞、90对半同胞及360对无关个体的15个STR基因座分型结果,计算全不同(X0)、半相同(X1)和完全相同(X2)的基因座数目,分别根据DFS1=3.898X0+3.973X1-19.481,DHS1=5.687X0+5.300X1-35.112及DR1=7.309X0+5.533X1-44.941的全同胞/半同胞/无关个体判别函数、DFS2=3.872X0+3.931X1-18.895及DR2=7.303X0+5.473X1-44.298全同胞/无关个体判别函数和DHS3=10.227X0+10.436X1-66.102及DR3=11.863X0+11.089X1-79.494半同胞/无关个体判别函数进行判别。结果判别准确率:①用全同胞/半同胞/无关个体判别函数,全同胞组为83.61%,半同胞组为81.11%,无关个体组为83.06%;②用全同胞/无关个体判别函数,全同胞组为96.39%,无关个体组为98.61%;③用半同胞/无关个体判别函数,半同胞组为88.89%,无关个体组为85.00%。结论本文3种判别函数可应用于同胞鉴定,尤其运用全同胞/无关个体判别函数判断同胞关系准确率高,有较高的应用价值。