是哲学的建构，还是哲学的消解——关于马克思哲学的一个误读纠偏

马克思哲学的基本精神并不是为了哲学的建构，而是哲学的批判、哲学的消解。马克思哲学的力量不在于本身是否是一个既成的理论模型，而是基于西方思想史中的正义理念，通过哲学的解释功能的消解，对人类社会运行现状进行批判。马克思哲学所引领的西方哲学向“历史”的转向，就是哲学自身的消解和哲学从解释功能向批判功能的转向。马克思哲学就是哲学的出走。     

Minor or adult? Introducing decision analysis in forensic age estimation

Nowadays, forensic age estimation takes an important role in worldwide forensic and medico-legal institutes that are solicited by judicial or administrative authorities for providing an expert report on the age of individuals. The authorities’ ultimate issue of interest is often the probability that the person is younger or older than a given age threshold, which is usually the age of majority. Such information is fundamental for deciding whether a person being judged falls under the legal category of an adult. This is a decision that may have important consequences for the individual, depending on the legal framework in which the decision is made. The aim of this paper is to introduce a normative approach for assisting the authority in the decision-making process given knowledge from available findings reported by means of probabilities. The normative approach proposed here has been acknowledged in the forensic framework, and represents a promising structure for reasoning that can support the decision-making process in forensic age estimation. The paper introduces the fundamental elements of decision theory applied to the specific case of age estimation, and provides some examples to illustrate its practical application.     

司法过程中的合宪性解释

当法律规范产生多个可能解释时,法官依职权应选择最符合宪法原则、并使该规范得以维持的解释.基于现代社会强调宪法基本价值而出现的一种法律解释方法,合宪性解释是宪法司法化在法律解释学领域的集中体现.其实质乃是传统法律方法论的体系解释向公法领域的延伸.司法过程中正确适用合宪性解释方法,需要遵循合宪性推定等原则与规则.合宪性解释方法是目前中国宪法司法化的一条有效路径.     

略论李大钊对中国近代法律史学的贡献

李大钊在史学领域卓有建树,其史学理论及史学思想不仅对中国史学发展有巨大的推动之功,还对近代中国法律史学发展具有深远的指导意义。他的唯物史观为考察法律现象提供了新的视角,开辟了研治中国近代法律史学的新路径。他不但对法律史的学科归属进行了界定,构建了新的法律史学科架构,而且提出了研究法律史学的科学方法,为近代中国法律史学的研究与编撰提供了宝贵的借鉴。     

刑法解释立场的历史考察——主观解释论之提倡

刑法解释经历了从主观解释论到客观解释论的演进过程,现阶段,从世界范围来看,客观解释论正成为一种有力的学说。在不同的历史时期,主观解释论与客观解释论所处的地位并不相同,在经历了罪刑擅断、人治统治的历史之后,人们对立法者充满了无限的期待,体现在刑法解释上就是要求坚持主观解释论。而当法治的进程进一步推进,人们已经不满足于法律的安定性,还要求法律实质上的公平、公正。联系社会发展以揭示法律内涵,遵守成文法不囿于文字本身的刑法解释客观论,遂成为刑法解释论上的特色。从历史的角度看,法治理念、法官素质、刑法实施的时间与刑法解释立场的选择具有密切的关系。我国是经历了几千年的人治统治的国家,法治建设才刚刚起步,法官素质还有待于进一步提高,刑法实施仅十余年,这要求我国在刑法解释上应采主观解释论。     

解读保安行业立法——保安服务管理条例

2010年1月1日,由国务院总理温家宝签署的保安服务管理条例将正式施行。保安服务管理条例从保安的上岗要求、职责范围、违法惩处、立功奖励等多个方面都作出了明确规定。文章从保安行业、保安服务公司的主体地位、保安人员的招聘和权益方面阐述了保安服务管理条例颁布实施以后．对于保安服务行业产生的新变化。     

Prevalence of diatom frustules in non-vegetarian foodstuffs and its implications in interpreting identification of diatom frustules in drowning cases

Detection of diatom frustules in bone marrow (diatom test) is used for diagnosing ante-mortem drowning where the usual signs of drowning are not present in dead bodies recovered from water. However, controversies over the reliability of diatom test results are continuing. There have been indications on the possibilities of diatoms entering into systemic circulation from atmospheric air, food and drink. While diatoms have been demonstrated in the gut content of edible marine forms such as shrimps and clams, the present study, for the first time, provides empirical evidence on the prevalence as well as abundance of diatom frustules in the samples of cooked non-vegetarian foodstuffs that impend human consumption in Kelantan, Malaysia. It is found that 50 g each of cleaned and cooked prawns and of clams impending human consumption contain about 8360 and 29,054 diatom frustules, respectively. A person accustomed to prawn and clam food would be ingesting an estimated 2 million diatoms in a single year. Considering the suggestion that detection of five diatom frustules in 10 g of bone marrow would suffice for concluding drowning as mode of death, and the fact that there is yet no proof that diatom frustules do not enter into the human systemic circulation through the digestive tract, the estimated number of diatom frustules routinely ingested acquires significance since entry of a few of such ingested frustules into the systemic circulation can lead to false positive test results. The findings of this research raise two important issues: first, population based routine food related diatom ingestion requires to be estimated, and, second, studies have to be initiated to categorically prove or disprove the possibility of entry of diatom frustules into the systemic circulation via the digestive tract.     

The law and its interpretation do play a role in the elimination of xenophobia： A South African case study

The examination of certain legal aspects of xenophobia has shown that the law and its judicial interpretation do on the one hand server to safeguard against xenophobia and to eliminate it where it still prevails, on the other hand they can however serve to entrench it~. It is believed that in future, South African courts will continue to be proactive in the elimination of xenophobic tendencies wherever they may be encountered in the legal context and that law reform will eradicate laws which generate the impression that they are xenophobically motivated.     

许霆案的法哲学思考

许霆案引起了法学理论界和司法实务界广泛的争议和思考。通过法律解释的方式能明确界定许霆案中引起争议的关键词语,许霆案在社会上引起广泛争论,判决结果相差悬殊,至今仍争论不休,值得我们反思。