代物清偿制度的发现与构建

文章针对以物抵债这一在司法实践中常见的现象,通过制度梳理,发现其中的代物清偿规则,明确界定代物清偿的本质在于受领他种给付以清偿原负担的给付。他种给付的债的原因仍在于原来的债之关系。代物清偿合同性质上是一种诺成合同,而非要物合同。代物清偿不同于为了担保而给付,也不同于新债清偿。如果对于以物抵债协议的性质若有疑义,应遵循有利于债权人解释的规则,解释为新债清偿对债权人更为有利,所以,应解释为新债清偿。如果债务人依照约定,交付标的物,即可以发生清偿的效力,债之关系消灭。但如果所提供的标的物有物的瑕疵或权利瑕疵,债权人可以要求债务人承担瑕疵担保责任。债权人还可以请求回复到原债之关系上,并要求回复原债之关系上的担保等从权利。     

“前科犯罪定罪关联模式”司法解释问题研究

前科犯罪定罪关联模式的司法解释在与《刑法》第65条累犯的规定同时适用时,违反了禁止重复评价原则。从长远来看,要摈弃或改进前科犯罪定罪关联模式的司法解释,确保不违背禁止重复评价原则。刑法解释的刑事政策化需要辅以外部监督制约制度,立法机关应对司法机关制定的司法解释究竟是否符合立法的目的、原意、原则,是否是对法律具体应用的解释进行必要的审核确认,以确保司法功利主义的冲动被限制在罪刑法定主义的笼子里。在刑法的立场选择方面,应坚持行为刑法,坚守刑法的安定性与人权保障机能,适当吸收行为人刑法与人格刑法的因素,以实现刑法效能的最大化。     

How networks among frontline offices influence regulatory enforcement: Diffusion and justification of interpretation of risk

Street-level interpretation and enforcement are critical to defining the meaning of law. To understand street-level regulatory decisions, prior studies have highlighted internal office conditions, neglecting the influence that peer offices can have. This study examines the role of horizontal inter-office interaction among frontline offices and illustrates how and under what conditions it shapes the meaning of law. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data on Japan's Soil Contamination Countermeasures Act, this study reveals that inter-office interaction occurs within fixed groups and comes to shape shared interpretations of law that regulators believe are legally valid. This implies that under legal ambiguity, inter-office interactions develop institutionalized notions of appropriateness and reinforce the perception of legal consistency, which bolster the legitimacy of enforcement. Although peer office networks encourage convergence on the interpretation of law, because of their clustered structure, legal meanings develop differently across various groups.     

未成年人判处罚金刑的理解与适用——评高法2006年法释1号解释的缺陷和不足

2006年1号司法解释虽然从保护未成年人和便于未成年人罚金刑执行的角度,对司法实践中存在的争议问题予以了明确,具有一定的合理性,但它仍然存在一定的不足和缺陷,具体表现在,个别条文用语脱离立法现状,对垫付人的范围没有任何限制,对其他人垫竹罚金的,不应规定人民法院“应当”允许。     

谈我国宪法在司法审判中的适用

宪法是法律,在审判中适用具有正当性,然而宪法不是一般的法律,是根本法,在审判中的适用又具有有限性。在实行依法治国、建设社会主义法治国家的今天,宪法应当在审判中适用,但决不能走司法审查的道路,只能根据我国的国情建立专门机关(宪法法院)的宪法监督模式。     

关于贿赂罪司法解释及适用中涉及的理论问题

本文着重两高对贿赂犯罪的司法解释中提到的利用职务上的便利熏受贿而进行违法活动构成犯罪或为他人谋取利益同时构成其他犯罪的熏如何定罪处罚等问题熏进行了研讨熏就如何适用和理解相关司法解释提出意见。     

理论创新的实质是解释原则的超越——兼论“三个代表”重要思想理论创新的哲学内涵

马克思主义学说就是在理论的“解释原则”的不断超越中实现自身发展的。     

Identification of Acer rubrum using amplified fragment length polymorphism

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of botanical forensic evidence provides a means of obtaining a reproducible DNA profile in a relatively short period of time in species for which no sequence information is available. AFLP profiles were obtained for 40 Acer rubrum trees. Leaf material from five additional species was also typed. Genomic DNA was isolated using the DNeasy Plant Miniprep Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA), double-digested by two restriction endonucleases (EcoRI and MseI) and ligated to oligonucleotide adapters. Two consecutive PCR reactions (pre-amplification and selective amplification) were performed using a modification of the AFLP protocol described by Gibco (Invitrogen, Rockville, MD). The DNA fragments were separated by capillary electrophoresis using the CEQ 8000 DNA Fragment Analyzer. A number of Acer rubrum species-specific peaks were identified. In addition, within this closed set of samples, 15 of 16 (93.8%) blind samples were correctly identified. AFLP data can be used to determine the species of botanical evidence or to associate a sample to a source. This information can be used in forensic investigations to link a piece of evidence with a particular location or suspect.     

Genetic variation in hemp and marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) according to amplified fragment length polymorphisms

Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) is one of the earliest known cultivated plants and is important in the global economy today as a licit and an illicit crop. Molecular markers distinguishing licit and illicit cultivars have forensic utility, but no direct comparison of hemp and marijuana amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) has been made to date. Genetic variation was surveyed in three populations of fiber hemp and a potent cultivar of marijuana using AFLP markers. Ten primer pairs yielded 1206 bands, of which 88% were polymorphic. Eighteen bands represented fixed differences between all fiber populations and the drug cultivar. These markers have practical utility for (1) establishing conspiracy in the cultivation and distribution of marijuana, (2) identifying geographic sources of seized drugs, and (3) discriminating illegal, potent marijuana cultivars from hemp where the cultivation of industrial hemp is permitted.     

以"国家公职人员"取代"国家工作人员" --"国家工作人员"立法解释辨析

我国现行的对"工作人员"的立法解释犯了逻辑和语义上的错误.现行刑法第93条应该用"国家公职人员"取代"国家工作人员".