未成年人判处罚金刑的理解与适用——评高法2006年法释1号解释的缺陷和不足

2006年1号司法解释虽然从保护未成年人和便于未成年人罚金刑执行的角度,对司法实践中存在的争议问题予以了明确,具有一定的合理性,但它仍然存在一定的不足和缺陷,具体表现在,个别条文用语脱离立法现状,对垫付人的范围没有任何限制,对其他人垫竹罚金的,不应规定人民法院“应当”允许。     

谈我国宪法在司法审判中的适用

宪法是法律,在审判中适用具有正当性,然而宪法不是一般的法律,是根本法,在审判中的适用又具有有限性。在实行依法治国、建设社会主义法治国家的今天,宪法应当在审判中适用,但决不能走司法审查的道路,只能根据我国的国情建立专门机关(宪法法院)的宪法监督模式。     

关于贿赂罪司法解释及适用中涉及的理论问题

本文着重两高对贿赂犯罪的司法解释中提到的利用职务上的便利熏受贿而进行违法活动构成犯罪或为他人谋取利益同时构成其他犯罪的熏如何定罪处罚等问题熏进行了研讨熏就如何适用和理解相关司法解释提出意见。     

理论创新的实质是解释原则的超越——兼论“三个代表”重要思想理论创新的哲学内涵

马克思主义学说就是在理论的“解释原则”的不断超越中实现自身发展的。     

Identification of Acer rubrum using amplified fragment length polymorphism

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of botanical forensic evidence provides a means of obtaining a reproducible DNA profile in a relatively short period of time in species for which no sequence information is available. AFLP profiles were obtained for 40 Acer rubrum trees. Leaf material from five additional species was also typed. Genomic DNA was isolated using the DNeasy Plant Miniprep Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA), double-digested by two restriction endonucleases (EcoRI and MseI) and ligated to oligonucleotide adapters. Two consecutive PCR reactions (pre-amplification and selective amplification) were performed using a modification of the AFLP protocol described by Gibco (Invitrogen, Rockville, MD). The DNA fragments were separated by capillary electrophoresis using the CEQ 8000 DNA Fragment Analyzer. A number of Acer rubrum species-specific peaks were identified. In addition, within this closed set of samples, 15 of 16 (93.8%) blind samples were correctly identified. AFLP data can be used to determine the species of botanical evidence or to associate a sample to a source. This information can be used in forensic investigations to link a piece of evidence with a particular location or suspect.     

Genetic variation in hemp and marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) according to amplified fragment length polymorphisms

Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) is one of the earliest known cultivated plants and is important in the global economy today as a licit and an illicit crop. Molecular markers distinguishing licit and illicit cultivars have forensic utility, but no direct comparison of hemp and marijuana amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) has been made to date. Genetic variation was surveyed in three populations of fiber hemp and a potent cultivar of marijuana using AFLP markers. Ten primer pairs yielded 1206 bands, of which 88% were polymorphic. Eighteen bands represented fixed differences between all fiber populations and the drug cultivar. These markers have practical utility for (1) establishing conspiracy in the cultivation and distribution of marijuana, (2) identifying geographic sources of seized drugs, and (3) discriminating illegal, potent marijuana cultivars from hemp where the cultivation of industrial hemp is permitted.     

以"国家公职人员"取代"国家工作人员" --"国家工作人员"立法解释辨析

我国现行的对"工作人员"的立法解释犯了逻辑和语义上的错误.现行刑法第93条应该用"国家公职人员"取代"国家工作人员".     

也论刑法解释的时间效力

刑法司法解释包括作为文本的司法解释和作为内容的司法解释．重视其文本性，它应当具有自己的生效时间和失效时间，也应当具有溯及力；重视其内容．因为刑法司法解释是对刑法的解释，没有独立的意义，因而可以回溯适用和延后适用，没有溯及力的问题。但是．如果司法解释的内容实质上超出了刑法的含义，表现为类推，就应当将其等同于刑法对待，贯彻从旧从轻的原则。     

Exploring the Impacts of Ordinary Laboratory Alterations During Forensic DNA Processing on Peak Height Variation,Thresholds, and Probability of Dropout,

Impacts of validation design on DNA signal were explored, and the level of variation introduced by injection, capillary changes, amplification, and kit lot was surveyed by examining a set of replicate samples ranging in mass from 0.25 to 0.008 ng. The variations in peak height, heterozygous balance, dropout probabilities, and baseline noise were compared using common statistical techniques. Data indicate that amplification is the source of the majority of the variation observed in the peak heights, followed by capillary lots. The use of different amplification kit lots did not introduce variability into the peak heights, heterozygous balance, dropout, or baseline. Thus, if data from case samples run over a significant time period are not available during validation, the validation must be designed to, at a minimum, include the amplification of multiple samples of varying quantity, with known genotype, amplified and run over an extended period of time using multiple pipettes and capillaries.     

Making sense of the case law on Ombudsman schemes

This article analyses the case law on ombudsman schemes in the UK, with the purpose of identifying some of the key trends that underpin this branch of law pre-the first Supreme Court decision in this area, JR55 v Northern Ireland Commissioner for Complaints. While the law on ombudsman schemes remains based on legislation and the various grounds of administrative law available in judicial review, distinct bespoke principles have also been relied upon. These principles are beginning to provide consistent guidance on how the law should be used and interpreted in cases involving an ombudsman scheme. One task of the Supreme Court in JR55 will be to confirm these principles, or rationalize any departure from them.