论犯罪心理学的研究对象

研究犯罪心理学的根本目的是为了揭示犯罪原因,进行犯罪预测、预防和控制,其狭义和广义之争并不妨碍这一目的的实现。犯罪心理学的研究对象受学科发展状况、研究目的和学科话语霸权的影响。文章从这三个角度出发,对研究对象的狭义说和广义说进行考证,认为犯罪心理学的研究对象仍应立足于狭义说,并兼顾广义说。     

找回心理学失去的自我——心理学研究主题的历史探寻与当代启示

现代心理学在社会生活中逐渐丧失了应有的意义,成为"失去自我"的心理学.人的心理与动物不同,人的心理是人作为有意识的存在物,进行社会活动的根据、过程和结果.人具有的这种意识性同样赋予了人以反思心理的能力,心理学研究就要依据人的生命本质及生活需要,真切地把握心理特性和内涵.探寻心理研究在社会历史中的演变过程,可以再现导致这些境遇的逻辑前提.反思现代心理学研究主题,重新赋予心理以人的内涵,是心理学研究面向未来的起点.     

论心理健康教育在人的全面发展现实层面的地位

心理学以及建立在心理学基础上的心理健康教育运用科学手段,从个体的角度全面地认识和发展人。因此它既能实现客观历史条件下“人的相对全面发展”(或现实的人的全面发展),同时又是通往马克思“人的全面发展”的现实科学途径。     

教育心理学在中学科学教学中的应用

教育心理学学习理论指导中学科学教学有其自身优点及缺点。所以应该注意在教学中的几个问题。并且应用教育心理学在指导学生学习动机和分析学生学习心理中有重要意义。     

The Trap

A professor is brought before a secret tribunalin his law faculty for the purpose of decidingthe appropriateness of a student's grade. Thegrounds of the grade appeal are that theprofessor had taught critically instead ofpractically and that he had done so with anacademic bias and prejudice. He is also allegedto have taught philosophy rather than law. After many hours of examination andcross-examination as a defendant and as anexpert witness, the professor, Flink, begins adialogue with a spirit in an effort tounderstand the nature and identity of law. Flink comes to appreciate that law is adisplacing discourse rather than a structure ofcategories signified in an official writing. The analytic method familiar to officials incommon law jurisdictions, Flink comes tounderstand, excludes the experiential meaningsthat are manifested through unwritten gesturesand rituals. Officials embody signs withexperiential expectations and past assumptions.The embodiment of meaning brings life intolegal language. But such an embodiment isforgotten as officials decompose textualfragments and reported social events intoanalytic units. Legal analysis is so successfulthat officials even forget that they hadforgotten something so important as theembodiment of meaning.The professor and the spirit also ask whetherjustice is an `ought' and where one can locatesuch an `ought'. They conclude that there is astructure within which legal officials reason.The exteriority of the structure is anunwritten `ought' realm. But the structurepossesses a gap, which enters into such anunanalysable object-less realm. Analyticreasoning has assumed that reason can take anofficial only so far until she or he mustjourney outside the structure to anunanalysable realm of personal values. However, the embodiment of meanings alsoincorporates unwritten collective values ofwhich officials, precisely because of thesuccess of the analysis project in forgettingthat something was forgotten, have never beenconscious. It is such an unanalysable realmthat grounds or authorises the analyticproject. The exterior authorising origin of theanalytic units of the structure rests upon apossibility that requires faith on the part ofthe officials, a faith that there exists afoundation, radically different from theanalytic units, on the other side of thestructure. The officials can, at best, imagineor picture the authorising origin, located asit is in the unanalysable object-less realmexterior to the written language of thestructure. The imagined origin takes the `form'of a bodiless spirit. The officials (and theprofessor and spirit) are haunted by thepossibility that the structure of humanlyposited rules are ultimately authorised by aspirit.     

从受话人心理看公安民警口语的运用

公安民警苦练基本功包括提高口语运用的能力。公安民警在接警、侦查取证、巡逻盘查,以及与劫匪谈判等各项警务工作中都要频繁地使用口语。由于公安行业的特殊性,公安民警口语也具有自己突出的特点、类型和特定的受话主体,因此,公安民警应根据受话人的心理,有针对性地采取相应的口语技巧,以提高执法水平。     

The counterfactual fallacy: Confusing what might have been with what ought to have been

The thesis of this article is that reactions to misfortunes are often biased by the counterfactual fallacy: the tendency to view events that can easily be imagined otherwise as events that ought not to have been. Drawing upon a diverse set of empirical findings we demonstrate that victims' and observers' reactions to misfortunes depend on the extent to which the event prompts them to generate counterfactual thoughts or images of more positive alternatives. We discuss the factors that determine the ease with which a negative event can be imagined otherwise, along with their relevance to a variety of justice-relevant responses, including perceptions of deservingness, recommendations for compensation, and blame assignment.     

Why procedural justice in organizations?

This article reviews the existing research and theory on procedural justice and considers how it may be applied to the study of organizational behavior. It begins by distinguishing between the concepts of distributive justice and procedural justice and noting the historical contexts within which they emerged. Existing conceptual contributions and the research inspired by them are reviewed. The few existing studies applying procedural justice notions to organizational contexts are summarized, and the contributions of the articles to the present issue of this journal are reviewed relative to these efforts. The article closes by discussing the dual benefits of studying procedural justice in organizations: the enhanced understanding of the concept of justice and the behavior of people in organizations.     

进化心理学：当代西方心理学发展的一种新取向

进化心理学是近年在西方心理学中出现的一种新的研究取向,目前仍没有一个明确的概念和系统的理论.其基本主张是:过去是理解心理机制的关键,功能分析是理解心理机制的主要途径,心理机制是在解决问题的过程中演化形成的,模块性是心理机制整体组织的特性,人的行为是心理机制和环境互动作用的结果.它的发展与当代科学发展趋势相一致,它的研究促进了对人性和心理的进一步思考,开辟了心理学的一些新的研究领域;对其它学科的研究具有重要的启发作用.但它具有遗传决定论的倾向,方法论存在一定的缺陷,忽视了文化对进化的意义等等.     

大学生就业心理的特点与自我调适

大学生在就业过程中容易出现各种心理问题,主要有过高期望心理、焦虑和依赖心理及自卑心理。这些问题的解决应主要依靠大学生自己。“调整心态,完善人格”、“提高心理承受力”、“规划职业生涯,发展业务能力”、“调整就业期望值”等措施是帮助大学生进行就业心理问题自我调适的有效方法。