基于AHP法的高校学生宿舍楼火灾危险性评估研究

应用层次分析法（AHP）从人、物、机、管理四个方面建立了高校学生宿舍楼火灾危险性评价指标体系。结合学生宿舍火灾危险性因素，讨论评价指标体系的建立及量化和权重的比较过程，为学校的消防安全管理提供相关定量分析方法。结果表明高校学生宿舍火灾危险性评估是一个减少火灾危险性的可行方法，对火灾的预防和消防管理具有指导意义。     

常见季铵盐类农药分析检测方法研究进展

本文概述了近几年来季铵盐类农药的提取净化及检测方法的研究进展,比较了固相萃取法、液液萃取法、超临界流体萃取等前处理技术的优劣,重点介绍了液相色谱及其液质联用技术在该领域的应用情况。     

Jinan Eco-Energy Brings Its Green Dream to the World

正A tide of innovation is sweeping across China.For three years China has led the world in patent applications,carving a foothold in modern fields like high-speed trains,machinery exports and technical standards.Every business in the industrial sector is braving the tide,struggling for     

Analytical Fingerprint of Wolframite Ore Concentrates

Ongoing violent conflicts in Central Africa are fueled by illegal mining and trading of tantalum, tin, and tungsten ores. The credibility of document‐based traceability systems can be improved by an analytical fingerprint applied as an independent method to confirm or doubt the documented origin of ore minerals. Wolframite (Fe,Mn)WO₄ is the most important ore mineral for tungsten and is subject to artisanal mining in Central Africa. Element concentrations of wolframite grains analyzed by laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry are used to establish the analytical fingerprint. The data from ore concentrate samples are multivariate, not normal or log‐normal distributed. The samples cannot be regarded as representative aliquots of a population. Based on the Kolmogorov–Smirnov distance, a measure of similarity between a sample in question and reference samples from a database is determined. A decision criterion is deduced to recognize samples which do not originate from the declared mine site.     

Analysis and discrimination of electrical tapes: Part I. Adhesives

This study involved the comparative analysis and discrimination of 90 electrical tape adhesives. The objectives included the evaluation of the ability of individual techniques to discriminate samples and the assessment of the ability of the techniques combined to distinguish samples. The techniques utilized were stereomicroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Stereomicroscopy, to assess adhesive colors of black, clear/colorless, and clear adhesives with brown tint, resulted in a discrimination of 53%. FTIR analysis yielded eight distinct groups with a discrimination of 67%. Py-GC/MS analysis resulted in 16 groups with a discrimination of 83%. These analyses confirmed and further subdivided the FTIR groups. SEM/EDS resulted in five separate groups at 17% discrimination, increasing the overall discrimination to above 85%.     

Sulfuric, hydrochloric, and nitric acid-catalyzed triacetone triperoxide (TATP) reaction mixtures: an aging study

The organic peroxide explosive triacetone triperoxide (TATP) is regularly encountered by law enforcement agents in various stages of its production. This study utilizes solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to examine sulfuric acid-, hydrochloric acid-, and nitric acid-catalyzed TATP syntheses during the initial 24 h of these reactions at low temperatures (5-9°C). Additionally, aging of the reaction mixtures was examined at both low and ambient temperatures (19-21°C) for a further 9 days. For each experiment, TATP could be readily identified in the headspace above the reaction mixture 1 h subsequent to the combination of reagents; at 24 h, TATP and diacetone diperoxide (DADP) were prominent. TATP degraded more rapidly than DADP. Additionally, chlorinated acetones chloroacetone and 1,1,-dichloroacetone were identified in the headspace above the hydrochloric acid-catalyzed TATP reaction mixture. These were not present when the catalyst was sulfuric acid or nitric acid.     

Volatile organic compounds from the combustion of human and animal tissue

The volatile by-products of the combustion of ordinary fuels such as wood, polystyrene, polyethylene, urethane foam, PVC and the like are well known to the forensic fire debris examiner. When a fire involves a human body, volatile species are produced that are not so well known, including various alkenes and aldehydes. These have sometimes been mistaken for the residues of unusual accelerants. In an attempt to document what volatiles are produced by the combustion of animal fat and human fat, the authors have used an open-tube pyrolysis probe as a microfurnace to burn small samples of unembalmed subcutaneous fat from human, avian and porcine sources, and collect volatiles by charcoal strip adsorption. The volatile products were analyzed by GC/MS. Predominant species included aldehydes in the C6-C10 range, homologous series of alkenes and alkanes, and other hydrocarbon products. These results were compared to those obtained by free-burning (open flame in air) of similar specimens and to the volatiles detected in debris from beneath a human cadaver in a test fire. Differences between the volatile profiles produced by human fat as compared to pork and chicken fat and adventitious sources of such volatiles are discussed.     

Analytical Thresholds and Sensitivity: Establishing RFU Thresholds for Forensic DNA Analysis,

Determining appropriate analytical thresholds (ATs) for forensic DNA analysis is critical to maximize allele detection. In this study, six methods to determine ATs for forensic DNA purposes were examined and compared. Four of the methods rely on analysis of the baseline noise of a number of negatives, while two utilize the relationship between relative fluorescence unit signal and DNA input in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) derived from a dilution series ranging from 1 to 0.06 ng. Results showed that when a substantial mass of DNA (i.e., >1 ng) was amplified, the baseline noise increased, suggesting the application of an AT derived from negatives should only be applied to samples with low levels of DNA. Further, the number and intensity of these noise peaks increased with increasing injection times, indicating that to maximize the ability to detect alleles, ATs should be validated for each post‐PCR procedure employed.     

裂解气相色谱-质谱法和红外光谱法对红色汽车油漆的比较分析

目的应用裂解气相色谱-质谱法（Py-GC/MS）和红外光谱法（IR）鉴别3种红色汽车油漆,通过二者的比较,考察Py-GC/MS法在微量物证油漆鉴定中的适用性。方法取适量固体样品直接检测。IR检测条件：红外显微镜,透射模式,光阑尺寸100μm×100μm,检测范围为4000-675cm-1。Py-GC/MS检测条件：裂解温度：550℃,裂解时间：0.20min。HP-5MS色谱柱,分流比80∶1;升温程序：起始温度为40℃,保持1 min,然后以8℃/min升至300℃,保持1 min。质谱采用EI源,扫描范围：29~350 amu。结果 3种红色汽车油漆的红外光谱、裂解图谱均能相互区分。通过裂解产物,能获得更多油漆主要成膜物质的成分信息。结论在样品量许可的条件下,应在红外光谱的检测基础上,进一步使用裂解气相色谱-质谱方法来对汽车油漆进行检测,通过互相验证,获得更准确、可靠的油漆鉴定结果。     

浅论社会性别主流化与社会性别预算

"社会性别主流化"被联合国确定为促进性别平等的全球战略.实现社会性别主流化的方法和途径是多方面的,其中倍受世界各国重视和运用的就是编制社会性别预算.社会性别预算并不是为妇女制定出的单独预算,其目的也不是仅仅增加针对妇女项目的预算.目前,全世界有六十多个国家开展了社会性别预算工作,在促进性别平等上取得了很大的成绩.中国应借鉴国际上的成功经验,加强政府部门对社会性别预算工作的重视,将性别意识纳入部门预算体系,并作为每年人大会议审议财政预算的内容之一.