中国古代的红河航道

历史上云南曾有过一条水陆交通线,即通往今天境外越南的红河航道。这条航道自先秦至元代一直存在并不断发展变化,史书对此有不少记载。红河航道的商业运输至唐朝时期(618~907年)繁荣发展到相当高度,可以由今越南河内北上,入今云南东南部、南部,转陆路交通路线,北上至今昆明,再转西折至今云南西部、西南部,入今缅甸境内,更北折西入今印度,形成了通往东南亚、南亚的国际水陆交通路线。同时又可自今昆明陆行北上,入今四川,更达中原。     

判决的合理化说明与法官自由裁量权的行使

本文指出一个在实践中容易被人们忽略的问题，即判决的合理化说明有的时候会掩盖法官在自由裁量时的真实影响因素。本文探讨了判决的合理化说明与法官的自由裁量的关系，以及法官在自由裁量时可能涉及到的思考因素，指出在判决的合理化说明中，法官需要合理地组织对法官自由裁量权行使中的以上影响因素，但同时也会掩盖某些因素的影响。因此，判决的合理化说明并不一定会起到我们所期望的作用。     

中国古代民间规约引论

通过对古代乡村民间规约演变过程的考察,可以看到中国古代民间规约的历史存在形态:唐代后期的社邑规约、宋明时期妁乡约、明末清初产生的民间慈善组织规约和清代晚期的乡规,以及四者之间的区别与联系。民间规约既不同于私人契约,又不同于国家法律,是民间社会组织的自治规范。民间规约是国家法律的补充,它的产生,标志着公共领域不仅为国家所独占。由于中国是一个乡土社会,民间社团组织的发展和发挥作用的空间极为有限,但民间规约在组织协调人际关系、建立稳定和谐社会秩序方面仍然具有积极意义。     

古希腊罗马哲学讲演录(一)

古希腊罗马的形而上学史有一个非常明显的特点,这就是其线索特别的清晰。古希腊罗马哲学可以分为三个阶段:最开始的一段时间是为形而上学作准备的;然后,在柏拉图和亚里士多德那里,尤其是在亚里士多德那里,古希腊的形而上学得以正式建立;亚里士多德之后直到罗马哲学,形而上学则处于一个衰亡和解体的过程。     

古希腊罗马哲学讲演录(二)

古希腊罗马的形而上学史有一个非常明显的特点,这就是其线索特别的清晰。古希腊罗马哲学可以分为三个阶段:最开始的一段时间是为形而上学作准备的;然后,在柏拉图和亚里士多德那里,尤其是在亚里士多德那里,古希腊的形而上学得以正式建立;亚里士多德之后直到罗马哲学,形而上学则处于一个衰亡和解体的过程。     

雇主责任构成要件之研究

雇主责任为各国民法普遍承认,但我国《侵权责任法》中的规定还不够完善。雇主责任应包括过错与无过错责任,雇主责任的承担应以雇员的职务行为应当承担侵权责任为前提,要以直接侵权行为人与责任承担人之间存在劳动关系为前提。要求造成他人损害的行为是雇员从事雇佣活动的行为或者说是雇员的职务行为,这种职务行为有判断的标准,根据判断来制定雇主的职责。     

Prior Experiences as Temporal Frames of Reference in Social Justice: The Influence of Previous Fairness Experiences on Reactions to New and Old Supervisors

This paper focuses on the psychology of social change and social justice. Specifically, we focus on subordinates’ reactions to new and old supervisors, and we argue that in evaluating these different types of supervisors, subordinates may rely on prior fair or unfair experiences as temporal frames of reference. We further propose that a result of these frames of reference may be that previous fairness experiences have a bigger impact on subordinates’ reactions to subsequent neutral communications when an old rather than when a new supervisor is the source of that communication. Findings of two empirical studies indeed show that subordinates who had had fair experiences with a particular supervisor reacted more positively toward subsequent neutral messages when the communication was coming from the old supervisor rather than from the new supervisor. Subordinates who had had unfair experiences, however, reacted more negatively toward the communication when the source was the old rather than the new supervisor. Some evidence was also found for contrast effects such that people who react to a new supervisor may react more positively with the neutral demand from this authority figure when they have earlier experienced unfair as opposed to fair treatment by a different supervisory agent. These findings were obtained on subordinates’ satisfaction with the supervisors’ communication and their acceptance of the supervisor. Finally, we discuss the implications for the psychology of social change and social justice.     

构成要件的重新解读——以“类型”为考察视角

当下,在刑法学诸多思考方法中,类型思考方法日益被学者重视。类型具有价值导向性,类型思考不单是一种简单的逻辑推理,而是一种复杂的价值认知过程。将类型思维引入构成要件论领域,无疑会深化学界对构成要件的理解。首先,构成要件的价值性特征得到普遍承认;其次,实行行为透过类型思维统一了作为与不作为;最后,实行行为局限在具有类型性危险的范围之内。     

被误读的“思想/表达二分法”——以法律修辞学为视角的考察

"思想/表达二分法"是著作权法中一项极富特色的裁判规则,它关乎的是成本收益的利益衡量与价值取舍,而不关乎思想与表达在事实层面是否可分,学界对此的解读往往混淆了事实问题与价值问题,没能揭示其扮演的真正角色及所发挥的修辞功能。作为一项价值法则,"思想/表达二分法"无法向我们提供统一普适的裁判标准,它依赖法官在个案中基于具体情势自由裁量,正是法官的创造性努力,定纷止争的目标才得以实现。     

Personal identification of cold case remains through combined contribution from anthropological, mtDNA, and bomb-pulse dating analyses

In 1968, a child's cranium was recovered from the banks of a northern Canadian river and held in a trust until the "cold case" was reopened in 2005. The cranium underwent reanalysis at the Centre for Forensic Research, Simon Fraser University, using recently developed anthropological analysis, "bomb-pulse" radiocarbon analysis, and forensic DNA techniques. Craniometrics, skeletal ossification, and dental formation indicated an age-at-death of 4.4 ± 1 year. Radiocarbon analysis of enamel from two teeth indicated a year of birth between 1958 and 1962. Forensic DNA analysis indicated the child was a male, and the obtained mitochondrial profile matched a living maternal relative to the presumed missing child. These multidisciplinary analyses resulted in a legal identification 41 years after the discovery of the remains, highlighting the enormous potential of combining radiocarbon analysis with anthropological and mtDNA analyses in producing confident personal identifications for forensic cold cases dating to within the last 60 years.