中国古代民间规约引论

通过对古代乡村民间规约演变过程的考察,可以看到中国古代民间规约的历史存在形态:唐代后期的社邑规约、宋明时期妁乡约、明末清初产生的民间慈善组织规约和清代晚期的乡规,以及四者之间的区别与联系。民间规约既不同于私人契约,又不同于国家法律,是民间社会组织的自治规范。民间规约是国家法律的补充,它的产生,标志着公共领域不仅为国家所独占。由于中国是一个乡土社会,民间社团组织的发展和发挥作用的空间极为有限,但民间规约在组织协调人际关系、建立稳定和谐社会秩序方面仍然具有积极意义。     

古希腊罗马哲学讲演录(一)

古希腊罗马的形而上学史有一个非常明显的特点,这就是其线索特别的清晰。古希腊罗马哲学可以分为三个阶段:最开始的一段时间是为形而上学作准备的;然后,在柏拉图和亚里士多德那里,尤其是在亚里士多德那里,古希腊的形而上学得以正式建立;亚里士多德之后直到罗马哲学,形而上学则处于一个衰亡和解体的过程。     

古希腊罗马哲学讲演录(二)

古希腊罗马的形而上学史有一个非常明显的特点,这就是其线索特别的清晰。古希腊罗马哲学可以分为三个阶段:最开始的一段时间是为形而上学作准备的;然后,在柏拉图和亚里士多德那里,尤其是在亚里士多德那里,古希腊的形而上学得以正式建立;亚里士多德之后直到罗马哲学,形而上学则处于一个衰亡和解体的过程。     

浅谈对少量字的检验

少量字的检验是目前文件检验的一项主要内容 ,因其字数少 ,犯罪嫌疑人的书写习惯体现不充分 ,检验起来有一定难度。本文对两例无伪装的典型少量字的检验进行了类比分析 ,以期探求少量字检验的科学方法 ,为案件侦破提供可靠的科学依据。     

地方政府职能与公共财政

地方政府有效地履行政府职能可以纠正市场失灵，促进地方经济的发展。地方财政是地方政府履行政府职能的经济基础。当前，我国地方财政还存在一些与市场经济体制及国际惯例不尽适应的问题，制约了地方政府正常地履行其职能。这需要通过深化财税体制改革，建立公共财政体制来解决。     

Personal identification of cold case remains through combined contribution from anthropological, mtDNA, and bomb-pulse dating analyses

In 1968, a child's cranium was recovered from the banks of a northern Canadian river and held in a trust until the "cold case" was reopened in 2005. The cranium underwent reanalysis at the Centre for Forensic Research, Simon Fraser University, using recently developed anthropological analysis, "bomb-pulse" radiocarbon analysis, and forensic DNA techniques. Craniometrics, skeletal ossification, and dental formation indicated an age-at-death of 4.4 ± 1 year. Radiocarbon analysis of enamel from two teeth indicated a year of birth between 1958 and 1962. Forensic DNA analysis indicated the child was a male, and the obtained mitochondrial profile matched a living maternal relative to the presumed missing child. These multidisciplinary analyses resulted in a legal identification 41 years after the discovery of the remains, highlighting the enormous potential of combining radiocarbon analysis with anthropological and mtDNA analyses in producing confident personal identifications for forensic cold cases dating to within the last 60 years.     

LETTERS

正When I was a teen,I saw for the fi rst time a Tang Dynasty clay fi gure of a person with dark skin and curly hair that was obviously not of Chinese ethnicity.Such people were referred to as Kunlun servants(as they worked as domestic help for the aristocracy),but actually came from beyond the mountain range of the same name that traverses Xinjiang and Tibet.Scientists are divided on their origins–Africa,India,Southeast or South Asia.These early migrants traveled to China with foreign diplomats and merchants via the Silk Road,testifying to extensive people-to-people,cultural and economic exchanges between China and the rest of the world more than1,000 years ago,facilitated by the ancient route.     

从苗族古歌看苗族传统林业知识

有“苗族古代社会生活的百科全书”之称的《苗族古歌》综合反映了苗族古代社会的情况。传统林业思想是其科技文化中的一个重要方面。本文以古歌原文为依据 ,论述了它所反映的制种、整地、播种、移栽、砍伐、使用等的全过程。展现了苗族为丰富祖国林业文化所做出的贡献。