西盟佤族原始法文化的原创性

西盟佤族法文化堪称原始法的典范,被国内外人类学家称为"人类原始社会的活化石",受到广泛关注。解读西盟佤族原始法文化的原创性将帮助我们反思现代法治进路的多元性和发展方向。文章试图从社会文化中研究原始法。一方面,通过对采访笔录、传说和历史叙事诗的考察,探寻原始的法意识和原始制度文化,试图从文化持有者的角度去理解西盟佤族法文化。另一方面,笔者又站在佤族文化圈以外,从"观察者"的角度,运用法人类学体系下的概念、范畴和术语,对西盟佤族社会的权威、规范和秩序进行分析、考察,进而理解原始法文化与现代法治的关系。在行文中,除了对相关资料进行整合、分析、评价外,还运用法人类学的"案例方法",借助一些典型性案例,真实展现西盟佤族法文化的原始特征和智慧因素。     

Can private governance boost public policy? Insights from public–private governance interactions in the fisheries and electricity sectors

Based on the inductive analysis of two parallel cases of private environmental governance – private, market-driven fisheries governance and private, market-driven governance for electricity decarbonization – this paper uncovers a trigger for positive public policy spillovers from private environmental governance. It identifies circumstances that prompt groups of business actors working as private regulators to also take on a role as public policy advocates and supporters, revealing a potential for private governance initiatives that are targeted at a particular environmental problem to serve as a bolster for the public regulatory governance of that problem as well. Both private governance cases at the basis of this analysis feature groups of business actors seeking to meet voluntary sustainability goals through the tools of private governance (specifically, through flexing buyer power and private authority in an effort to reform environmentally problematic practices among particular groups of suppliers). In both cases, the business's inability to attain private sustainability goals though private governance means alone has given rise to business demand for facilitative public environmental policy and regulation. The analysis presented in this paper thus points to the occurrence of a particular and intriguing pattern of complementarity between private authority and public policy – one where public policy is called on to fill gaps left by private environmental governance and authority. And it identifies key conditions for such private-governance-driven recentering of public policy to occur, namely the presence of private supply chain greening goals and commitments that are economically, reputationally, and/or competitively critical for businesses to attain, combined with shortfalls in the capacity of businesses' private authority to bring about such attainment. The two case analysis further suggests the importance of ENGOs in identifying and activating some of the opportunities for leveraging shortfalls in private environmental governance to the advantage of public environmental policy and regulation.     

调取证据应该成为一项独立的侦查取证措施吗?-调取证据措施正当性批判

我国侦查实践中的调取证据是一项独立的、具备干预性的强制处分措施。调取证据措施之所以具有上述性质，与侦查机关对《刑事诉讼法》的误读密切相关。这种误读违背体系解释，有违法明确性原则，不利证据排除。应将现有的调取证据措施整合进扣押措施，使之成为提出命令式的扣押，在此基础上，应进一步平衡查明事实和人权保障之间的关系，对扣押措施的运用做出相应的限制。     

误读的司法民主--司法过程中的“超当事人主义”现象解读

当前我国司法实践中存在一种“超当事人主义”现象，其暴露出司法的信任危机。“超当事人主义”现象的背后，正是我们对司法民主观念的误读。司法民主的核心内容是为民众提供可实现的公正裁判。从法律修辞学的视角而言，具备可接受性的裁判必须以司法权威为前提；在提高法官人格魅力的同时，淡化整个司法过程的人格化因素；司法体系在信息认知方面必须对当事人足够开放，而在规范层面则应该严格限制法外因素进入。法官对裁判后果的评价，应超越于“让当事人满意”的简单后果论，在司法过程中坚守并追求“规范性共识”。     

我国未来应当设立统一的准司法性质的反垄断主管机构

我国《反垄断法》已经施行七年有余,反垄断主管机构基本上沿袭旧制,即仍然由国家工商局、商务部和发改委下设的三个反垄断主管机构进行反垄断执法,只是在其上设置了主要发挥协调、指导作用的国务院反垄断委员会。这种"双层"和"三机构各司其职"的反垄断主管机构的设置有诸多的缺陷,不能很好地履行反垄断的神圣使命。我国未来应当改革现有的反垄断主管机构,设立一个统一的、独立的、高度权威的和准司法性质的反垄断主管机构。     

The promises and realities of Ghana's decentralization: a case study from the Wenchi district of Ghana

This article explores the functioning of the decentralized structures in Wenchi district of Ghana with the view of generating deeper insights into the interplay between decentralization outcomes and prevailing social, economic, and cultural realties of the people. Data were collected from both secondary and primary sources. The main findings of the study indicate that sub-district structures do not provide an effective platform for citizen participation. Elections were found to primarily be an instrument for demanding accountability from assembly members. Finally, field services were found not to be responsive to the needs of citizens.     

Conservation on contested lands: the case of Namibia's communal conservancies

Community Conservation initiatives have become widespread in several Southern African countries and have also been increasingly involved in disputes over land claims, control of resources and territorial authority. The aim of this paper is to analyse how Communal Conservancies in Namibia are being used by rural communities as tools for gaining or securing access to and control of communal land in a moment when it is perceived as increasingly scarce. Peasants, Traditional Authorities, the State and conservationists all try to influence the use that will be given to contested lands. The paper will focus on two cases: King Nehale Conservancy, a heavily populated mixed agricultural land in North-Central Namibia (Owamboland) and Nyae Nyae Conservancy, a semi-arid land inhabited by a historically marginalised population, the Ju/’hoan San. In both cases Conservancies contribute to an increased control by communities over their land, but also imply the reinforcement of the presence of the State and private capital in communal areas, and become part of the internal struggles among sections of the communities themselves.     

Territorialising identity,authority and conflict in Africa: an introduction

In much of Africa, the simultaneous contestation over sub-national demarcations, political identities and the locus of authority has activated a territorial politics. In such contexts of uncertainty, state rulers and other social forces advance competing notions of the relevant and legitimate boundaries of territories and identities. This collection of articles examines how, across the continent, struggles over territory are linked to divergent understandings of identity and authority, with significance for territorial integrity, national identity and conflict.     

权力格局与宪政

在前近代 ,欧洲和英属北美殖民地长期存在着多元权力格局 ,由此孕育了宪政的诸多要素 ;而在中国 ,道统和相权都不能有效地制约皇权 ,形成了皇权专制的一元权力格局 ,这是近代中国宪政失败的重要原因。     

试析当前公安机关执法活动中存在的问题及对策

公安机关的执法活动是实现公平和正义、构建社会主义和谐社会的重要保证。这就要求公安机关必须正视在执法活动中存在的实际问题,并且提出行之有效的对策,彻底解决这些问题。