Conservation on contested lands: the case of Namibia's communal conservancies

Community Conservation initiatives have become widespread in several Southern African countries and have also been increasingly involved in disputes over land claims, control of resources and territorial authority. The aim of this paper is to analyse how Communal Conservancies in Namibia are being used by rural communities as tools for gaining or securing access to and control of communal land in a moment when it is perceived as increasingly scarce. Peasants, Traditional Authorities, the State and conservationists all try to influence the use that will be given to contested lands. The paper will focus on two cases: King Nehale Conservancy, a heavily populated mixed agricultural land in North-Central Namibia (Owamboland) and Nyae Nyae Conservancy, a semi-arid land inhabited by a historically marginalised population, the Ju/’hoan San. In both cases Conservancies contribute to an increased control by communities over their land, but also imply the reinforcement of the presence of the State and private capital in communal areas, and become part of the internal struggles among sections of the communities themselves.     

Territorialising identity,authority and conflict in Africa: an introduction

In much of Africa, the simultaneous contestation over sub-national demarcations, political identities and the locus of authority has activated a territorial politics. In such contexts of uncertainty, state rulers and other social forces advance competing notions of the relevant and legitimate boundaries of territories and identities. This collection of articles examines how, across the continent, struggles over territory are linked to divergent understandings of identity and authority, with significance for territorial integrity, national identity and conflict.     

政府"治理工具"的选择与行政伦理制约

现代政府的行政伦理研究进入了一个崭新的境界,现代公共行政已经不是一个只受工具理性指导的纯粹管理技术的领域,现代意义的行政伦理也不再是单纯用于修身养性的伦理价值。如何使公共行政的管理过程、政府的“治理工具”与行政伦理实现有机结合,使公共行政能够符合公共性目的有效实现,这是应该着力解决好的问题。现在一个比较突出的现象是某些政府部门在“治理工具”的选择使用方面背离行政伦理目的制约。     

Assessing Revenue Authority Performance in Developing Countries: A Synthetic Control Approach

In many developing countries, comprehensive reforms have been undertaken in tax administration during recent years and the implementation of semiautonomous revenue authorities (SARAs) constitutes one of their most visible expressions. To date, no comprehensive assessment has been undertaken to investigate how successful these SARAs have been in improving revenue collection in these countries. Therefore, this article attempts to fill this gap by assessing revenue collection trends in 20 developing countries after the SARA has been implemented. Using the synthetic control method, we show that in most countries, the implementation of a SARA did not significantly improve government revenues.     

法治之不及:亚里士多德法治思想再反思--兼评我国20世纪80年代以来法治与人治的讨论

法治理论的奠基者亚里士多德在其《政治学》中曾论及法治之不及问题。国内20世纪80年代以来法治与人治的讨论由于受特殊的历史和心理原因影响,视角主要集中在法治的合理性上,而忽视了法治状态下人治问题的客观存在,进而忽视了法治建设过程中对于执法者自由裁量权的道德约束。     

试论警察道德在警察权力行使中的作用

警察权力是一种特殊的国家权力 ,它所具有的二重性、易腐性和杀伤性等特点 ,使其蕴含了警察道德发挥作用的巨大空间。警察道德既是保证警察权力正确行使的内在力量 ,也是警察权力转化为警察权威 ,从而使其顺利地由潜在形态向现实形态转变的必要条件     

国际民商事司法与行政合作中的中央机关机制

国际民商事司法与行政合作众多方法中,最为重要的要数中央机关合作机制的建立。中央机关在发展中表现出模式的双边化和功能的多元化等趋势。中央机关合作机制在实践中发挥了重要作用,特别是在域外文书送达、域外调查取证、司法救助申请、返还诱拐儿童和国际扶养请求等领域。当然,该合作机制在实践中也暴露出一些应当予以改进的问题,特别是应当改善并逐步扩大中央机关机制的作用。     

The Unopposed Intervention

正The U.S.airstrikes against ISIS in Iraq will not end the ongoing turmoilFor the past several months,in the face of the brutality launched by the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria(ISIS)in northern Iraq,which was previously known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant,the"world police"appeared to have been taken off guard.Despite the surprising setback,it is not too late to prevent more humanitarian crises in the war-torn country.     

误读的司法民主--司法过程中的“超当事人主义”现象解读

当前我国司法实践中存在一种“超当事人主义”现象,其暴露出司法的信任危机。“超当事人主义”现象的背后,正是我们对司法民主观念的误读。司法民主的核心内容是为民众提供可实现的公正裁判。从法律修辞学的视角而言,具备可接受性的裁判必须以司法权威为前提;在提高法官人格魅力的同时,淡化整个司法过程的人格化因素;司法体系在信息认知方面必须对当事人足够开放,而在规范层面则应该严格限制法外因素进入。法官对裁判后果的评价,应超越于“让当事人满意”的简单后果论,在司法过程中坚守并追求“规范性共识”。     

检察监督权的若干思考

检察监督权在现代法治社会是不可或缺的。针对检察监督权在现实运作中出现的力度不够的问题 ,完善立法、加强对检察监督权的监督、强化全社会监督意识已迫在眉睫。