干股行贿犯罪的司法认定

干股是指未出资而获得具有相应资金对应、可定期收取红利的合法股份。未经登记但达成合意的干股转让行为在《公司法》上并未生效,但在《刑法》上却发生了事实转让,也应当认定为行贿。司法机关应当集中搜集产权交易中心办理股权过户手续的时间记录、股权转让合同生效时间约定、贿赂双方关于股权转让行为时间的供述等证据。干股行贿未遂数额(干股价值)可能远高于既遂数额(红利数额),完全采用既遂吸收未遂的处理方法,难以达到刑罚目的。     

Best practices for structuring a family court parenting plan evaluation under the 2022 AFCC Guidelines

Evaluation appointment orders provide enforceable scaffolding for conduct of family court parenting plan evaluations, and use of the evaluator's reports, feedback, file, and testimony. Unlike a contract, a stipulated or adjudicated appointment order is directly enforceable by the family court. It unambiguously positions the evaluator as the family court's appointee – answerable directly to the court and, in some jurisdictions, protected by quasi-judicial immunity from damages claims. A well-crafted appointment order governs the roles and expectations of the court, the evaluator, the parties, the lawyers, and the collateral witnesses. An appointment order mandates the legal duties, rights, powers, and responsibilities of the professionals, the parties, and the collateral witnesses. At minimum, an appointment order articulates the legal basis for the appointment, the purpose and scope of the evaluation, compensation of evaluator, and the duty of the parties to participate in the process. A written evaluation protocol or procedures statement discloses in advance the methods of investigation and assessment that the evaluator intends to use. Together, the appointment order and written protocol help the evaluator, lawyers, parents, and judge manage the complexity of the evaluation process.     

日本女性史研究概况

随着西方社会性别论尤其是约翰.斯科特(Joan Scott)"历史与社会性别"概念的传入和影响,日本女性史研究有了很大的发展,成为这时期学界最令人注目的领域之一。其研究成果构建了"性.身体.生殖论""、近代以前家族史"、"近代家族论"等研究领域。这些研究几乎都是在社会性别维度和视角下展开的。     

简论我国行政复议的原则与范围

1999年4月29日由全国人大常委会通过的《中华人民共和国行政复议法》,与过去国务院颁行的《行政复议条例》相比较,所规定的原则更加充实和科学,其复议的范围也更加宽泛,并有新的突破。     

实际履行责任及其法律适用

本文认为 ,实际履行责任有其自身特定的适用范围和适用条件 ,它与支付违约金、赔偿损失以及其他补救方式一道 ,共同构成合同违约责任的法律后果。     

论我国《消费者权益保护法》适用的若干问题

我国《消费者权益保护法》(以下简称《消法》)在修订中对一些问题仍存有争议。我国应采纳广义上的消费者的概念,在确定消费者范围的基础上,预售商品房纠纷、医疗纠纷、垄断行业服务纠纷应当适时适用《消法》的规定。同时,妥善处理我国《消法》与《产品质量法》、《食品卫生法》及《反不正当竞争法》的法律竞合。     

专利请求权和保护期滥用争议的认定范围

在世界经济发展速度放缓而高科技竞争愈发激烈的背景下,有关专利权滥用认定尺度的争议凸显迷离和重要.但是,作为研究根基的专利请求权和保护期滥用行为认定范围问题,理论尚没有统一,不同国家的操作原则莫衷一是.调查发现,滥用专利权行为不仅发生于垄断性专利中,更多地隐现在专利授予和执行的过程里.而且,专利战现象不仅仅限于中国,是全球性技术竞争的衍生品.无法回避的是,我国对于专利请求权和保护期滥用争议的认定范围,应当采取时间上和空间上的广义外延,将专利滥用的认定和规制贯穿在专利保护战略的整个进程之中.     

Decision rules,membership and political centralization in the European Union

The decision to enter the European Union is based on a comparison of the costs of staying out and going it alone, and the costs membership. The latter depend on the degree of preference heterogeneity between prospective members and the Union as well as the decision rules employed for “constitutional” decisions. The same calculus guides the decision, by member states, to shift policies up to the Union level, only now the decision rules refer to centrally assigned policies. Preference heterogeneity makes more inclusive rules optimal in either case while at the same time reducing the attractiveness of membership or the centralization of policies to the EU level, respectively. The analysis complements and extends both traditional fiscal federalism literature as well as the more recent political economics literature on federalism.

当事人意思自治的适用限制研究——以市场与规制为分析视角

经济学的理论为当事人意思自治的适用限制提供了新的研究思路。在经济学看来,承认当事人的选法效力能够培育出法律选择权利市场的"市场机制"。然而,外部性、"垄断"、信息不对称等问题都会导致"市场机制"失灵。在个人选择"失灵"时,由法院确定争议解决的准据法可以说是国家对选择失灵的一种规制。正是这些个人选择"失灵"、国家进行规制的场合确定了对当事人意思自治进行限制的内容。     

试谈侵权经济分析方法在司法中的应用

公共场所侵权责任如何认定是一个很有争议的话题 ,司法实践中通常考虑受害人的损害行为与负有安全保障责任人是否构成因果关系 ,然而 ,因果关系本身是客观的 ,个案的复杂性与法官认识上的主观性往往导致仁者智者看法的分歧。以四个发生在公共场所的侵权纠纷为例 ,提出运用法律经济分析方法的判断思路 ,并论证该方法的理论基础、适用原则及具体思路。