论法律的思想实践及其实践理性原则

法律的思想实践即主体以法律工程设计模型为对象而在自己的思想和观念中进行的以思想操作与思想实验为核心的思维实践活动。法律的思想实践是全部法律实践活动在逻辑上和事实上的真正起点。思想性、实践性、现实性、创造性、感性与理性的有机结合,是法律的思想实践的基本特点。合法性、正当性、合理性、客观性和逻辑一致性,则是法律的思想实践必须遵循的实践理性原则的核心原则。     

Mary Wollstonecraft’s divergent attitudes towards trust

ABSTRACT

Mary Wollstonecraft is increasingly being recognized as a philosopher who made a noteworthy contribution to moral and political philosophy. Her work not only encompassed political treatises, such as the now well-known A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, but also fiction. This article demonstrates how Wollstonecraft’s work comprised three main ways of engaging with trust, namely distrust, virtuous trust, and open trust. It puts these three forms of trust into context with Wollstonecraft’s ambivalent relation to the 18^th-century culture of sensibility. Moreover, Wollstonecraft’s open form of trust is compared with the 20^th-century Danish theologian and philosopher K. E. Løgstrup’s conception of trust. Løgstrup regarded genuine trust as a spontaneous, basic phenomenon that was not rooted in moral reasoning. While there are some similarities between Wollstonecraft’s open trust and Løgstrup’s understanding of trust, Wollstonecraft ultimately reinforced the value of ‘an educated heart’, namely the idea that the feelings of the heart should be cultivated by reason. Accordingly, this article offers some insight into how we may perceive Wollstonecraft’s strong rejection of Edmund Burke’s ‘inbred sentiments’, that is, Burke’s belief in innate, benign moral instincts.     

Medical examiner response to the drug overdose epidemic in King County Washington: “Real-time” surveillance,data science,and applied forensic epidemiology

As the overdose epidemic overwhelmed medicolegal death investigation offices and toxicology laboratories, the King County Medical Examiner's Office responded with “real-time” fatal overdose surveillance to expedite death certification and information dissemination through assembling a team including a dedicated medicolegal death investigator, an information coordinator, and student interns. In-house testing of blood, urine, and drug evidence from scenes was performed using equipment and supplies purchased for surveillance. Collaboration with state laboratories allowed validation. Applied forensic epidemiology accelerated data dissemination. From 2010 to 2022, the epidemic claimed 5815 lives in King County; the last 4 years accounted for 47% of those deaths. After initiating the surveillance project, in-house testing was performed on blood from 2836 decedents, urine from 2807, and 4238 drug evidence items from 1775 death scenes. Time to complete death certificates decreased from weeks to months to hours to days. Overdose-specific information was distributed weekly to a network of law enforcement and public health agencies. As the surveillance project tracked the epidemic, fentanyl and methamphetamine became dominant and were associated with other indicators of social deterioration. In 2022, fentanyl was involved in 68% of 1021 overdose deaths. Homeless deaths increased sixfold; in 2022, 67% of 311 homeless deaths were due to overdose; fentanyl was involved in 49% and methamphetamine in 44%. Homicides increased 250%; in 2021, methamphetamine was positive in 35% of 149 homicides. The results are relevant to the value of rapid surveillance, its impact on standard operations, selection of cases requiring autopsy, and collaboration with other agencies in overdose prevention.     

Liberal equality: political not erinaceous

Ronald Dworkin’s Justice for Hedgehogs defends liberal political morality on the basis of a rich account of dignity as constitutive of living well. This article raises the Rawlsian concern that making political morality dependent on ethics threatens citizens’ political autonomy. Thereafter, it addresses whether the abandonment of (erinaceous) ethical foundations signals the demise of Dworkin’s liberalism and explores the possibility of laundering his conception so as to facilitate a marriage between the political philosophies of Rawls and Dworkin. The article finishes by rebutting some objections Dworkin raises against Rawls’s account of public reason.     

我国家庭暴力问题再探

家庭暴力问题可以说自家庭这个社会团体的出现便存在,无论是中国还是外国概莫能外。家庭暴力问题已经成为构建和谐家庭与和谐社会的大敌,是造成社会不稳定、影响社会发展的重要因素。从家庭暴力的特性、加害人和被害人的互动关系、家庭暴力产生的原因和控制模式等方面进行探讨,有助于对家庭暴力问题的系统解决。     

民事再审启动事由中新证据的界定

“有新的证据,足以推翻原判决、裁定的”是启动民事诉讼再审的事由,如何理解新的证据成为是否透彻理解法律条文的关键问题。文章从规则、理论、实务三方面展开论述,并对“新的证据”的界定、审查和确认提出了合理阐释。     

"2+1"教学培养模式的构建思考

公安高等教育是为各级公安机关输送合格人才的主渠道,而公安职业教育主要面向市县基层公安机关,培养公安一线应用性专门人才。公安职业教育人才培养模式的问题是新世纪公安教育迫切需要解决的问题,改革的基本思路应是对人才培养目标进行恰当的定位,实行公安职业教育,为公安机关培养一线高素质应用性人才。对此,公安职业教育培养模式必须重新构建准确定位,突出公安教育的职业性特色,课程设置和教学内容要突出应用性和实践性,实行"2 1"教学培养模式是必要的。     

高校校园多发性案件的成因和对策

盗窃、诈骗和伤害案件是高校校园内发案率最高的三类案件,它们具有三大特点:发案的连续性、发案时间和地点上的固定性以及案件产生不良后果的破坏性。这些案件之所以频繁在校园内发生,主要是由于学生的防范意识比较差、容易受到欺骗和蒙蔽、学校与社会的界限日益模糊、高校防范案件发生的措施尚不完善等。针对这些案件的发生规律和成因,高校可以采取大力宣传安全知识、加大对保卫部门的投入、增设岗亭和巡逻队、实行进出宿舍楼登记制度以及鼓励群防群治等措施来防范和处理。     

公安机关人民警察涉爆业务培训的分析

公共安全是国家安全的重要组成部分,爆炸物品管理水平和涉爆犯罪的打击力度直接关系到我国的公共安全,尤其是当前国际国内形势日益复杂的情况下,这一工作显得更为重要。政府将涉爆公共安全管理交给了公安机关,而涉爆公共安全管理水平的高低取决于公安机关人民警察对爆炸物知识和涉爆犯罪规律掌握的程度。     

柬泰边境柏威夏地区紧张局势的由来和发展

2008年7月因佛教古寺柏威夏寺归属引发的柬埔寨一泰国边界紧张局势终于出现了缓和的迹象。由于历史原因,柬泰关系特别是边界问题极其敏感和复杂,熟悉这方面的柬埔寨学者认为柏威夏问题无法单独彻底解决。本文就这一问题作些述评。