The Mouvement du 23 Mars and the dynamics of a failed insurgency in the Democratic Republic of Congo

This article analyses the link between the decision by the Mouvement du 23 Mars (M23) to occupy the city of Goma in November 2012 and the group's demise a year later in the hands of the revamped Congolese national army supported by the Intervention Brigade of the United Nations. The article argues that the military defeat of the M23 presents peace stakeholders in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the Great Lakes region with a valuable opportunity. The rebels' defeat emboldens the Congolese national army and the Intervention Brigade with regard to their ability to take on insurgent groups while raising the cost of continued rebellion for the latter and their potential backers. Although not a panacea for peace in the Great Lakes region, this turn of events should contribute towards stemming the tide of recurring rebellions in the DRC while paving the way for peaceful political engagements among Congolese socio-political stakeholders, on the one hand, and between the DRC and its eastern neighbours, mainly Rwanda and Uganda, on the other hand.     

Internal validation study of the PowerPlex® Y23 system

The PowerPlex Y23 System is a 23-loci, 5-color Y-STR multiplex designed for genotyping forensic casework samples, database samples and paternity samples. The kit contains: all 12 loci in the current PowerPlex Y System, the additional 5 loci found in AmpFlSTR Y-filer, plus 6 new loci. An internal validation study of the PowerPlex Y23 kit was therefore conducted including the following aspects: sensitivity, mixture studies of male–male and female–male DNA, performance with simulated inhibition and stutter calculations. 100 Caucasians living in Switzerland were also typed using the PowerPlex Y23 kit.     

抗人同种异型G2m(23)单克隆抗体研制及特异性鉴定

本文用快速液相色谱（FPLC）从G2m（23）阳性人血浆中纯化出IgG2蛋白，免疫BALB/c小鼠，建立了一株分泌抗人G2m（23）单克隆抗体的细胞株，定名为2G8。经抑制ELISA，双抗体ELISA及斑点ELISA分析，证明2G8抗体具有G2m（23）单一特异性。     

民用爆炸物品安全管理对策研究

民用爆炸物品与社会公共安全有着密切的关系。政府对民用爆炸物品的管理愈来愈重视,出台了新的规范,并在管理中加大了监管力度。但即便如此,民用爆炸物品的管理还是存在诸多问题。在社会治安形势日趋严峻的形势下,要解决民用爆炸物品行业中存在的诸多问题,切实有效地遏制爆炸物品的流失,及时消除各类公共安全隐患,必须多方位、多角度入手,采用多种有效措施。     

论法条竞合及其适用原则

法条竞合在我国刑事立法中普遍存在,其理论比较复杂。法条竞合的概念与种类以及法条竞合的适用原则等问题,目前在我国刑法理论界尚无统一定论。对法条竞合的概念与种类,适用原则,如确定特别法问题、补充适用原则问题等进行深入探讨,有助于司法实践中准确选择适用法条。     

人脑挫伤后GFAP,PCNA的法医病理学研究

采用在实际工作中所遇到的脑挫伤案例标本 ,利用免疫组织化学染色 ,观察人脑挫伤后GFAP ,PCNA的改变 ,用图象分析仪对免疫组织化学染色阳性细胞的面积和灰度等进行定量测量 ,EpiInfo统计软件分析 ,得出人脑挫伤后GFAP ,PCNA变化的时间性规律 ,为脑挫伤形成时间推断 ,提供新的形态学依据。GFAP阳性细胞面积、灰度伤后24h即有显著增加 (P<0 01) ,7天达高峰 (P<0 01) ,以后有逐渐下降的趋势 ;PCNA阳性细胞面积、灰度于伤后4天达到最大值 (P<0 01) ,以后逐渐下降。因此 ,伤后人脑组织GFAP、PCNA免疫组织化学染色阳性细胞面积、灰度改变有时间规律 ,GFAP、PCNA可作为2天到20天间不同时间脑损伤的推断指标。     

格式条款的价值分析及其法律规制

格式条款的积极价值在于节约交易成本,其消极方面则是对合同自由原则的违背及可能带来的侵害缔约相对方合法权益的后果。通过综合运用立法、司法和行政方法来规范和控制格式条款,可以充分彰显其积极价值而抑制其消极影响。     

The Strasbourg Court and Indirect Race Discrimination: Going Beyond the Education Domain

Prohibiting indirect discrimination has been hailed as guaranteeing substantive equality by addressing issues of structural discrimination and inequalities in a way that direct discrimination cannot and will not. However, Article 14, the ECHR's non‐discrimination provision, does not distinguish between direct and indirect discrimination. Only in 2007 the European Court of Human Rights explicitly included the notion of indirect (race) discrimination under Article 14 in DH and Others v Czech Republic, its famous judgment on Roma education segregation. Since then it has applied the prohibition of indirect race discrimination in a limited manner to similar education cases. However, in its recent Grand Chamber decision, Biao v Denmark, the Strasbourg Court started clarifying some unsolved issues in the distinction between direct and indirect discrimination in its case law and finally applied the concept to the much broader area of immigration and citizenship.     

走出二元对立的思维困境——阿克曼对美国宪法变革机制的检讨

阿克曼在区分宪法政治和常态政治的前提下,通过分析美国宪法史上的重要事件,根据二元民主的宪法理论指出:美国宪法政治时期的宪法变革经历了发出宪法改革的信号、提出宪法改革方案、决定宪法改革命运的程序、宪法改革方案的批准和宪法改革成果的巩固五个阶段。阿克曼关于宪法变革的历史学与社会学观点,不仅消解了法律形式主义和法律现实主义的对立,他还进一步以此为基础提出了"人民主权动议"和"活宪法"的宪法修正理论。阿克曼的宪法变革理论虽具现实性,但却有着不确定性的缺陷。因此,阿克曼所要解决的,恰恰是理性与经验之对立所造成的不确定性这一法律理论的永恒主题。     

对60课版《新概念英语》第四册部分篇目标题翻译的不同看法

60课版的《新概念英语》第四册,是中国大学生中非常流行的英语读物,但其部分篇目标题的中文翻译存在不少值得商榷之处。