论民用爆炸物品的刑法规制

所谓刑法对民用爆炸物品的规制,就是国家通过刑法将与民用爆炸物品相关的严重危害社会的行为规定为犯罪,并予以刑罚制裁,以规范和制约民用爆炸物品的管理。根据我国刑法的规定,涉及民用爆炸物品的罪名很多,分布在不同的章节中,即根据其侵犯的客体不同,规定了不同的罪名和法定刑,表明国家对涉爆犯罪进行了全面的刑法规制。刑法对民用爆炸物品的规制主要表现为两种情况：一是直接规制,即以爆炸罪定罪或者以非法从事与爆炸物有关行为定罪;二是间接规制,即以侵害特定个人或多人的健康、生命权利以及财产权利为直接目的,在犯罪过程中,使用爆炸物仅是作为实施犯罪的一种方法或手段的犯罪。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒重组质粒pEGFP-NSP9的构建与表达

为验证siRNAs对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒复制的抑制效果,构建了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒NSP9基因与增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因GFP的融合表达质粒,并在Marc145细胞中进行了表达。通过RT-PCR方法扩增猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒NSP9基因,将其克隆入表达载体pEGFP-N1,并进行双酶切、PCR及测序鉴定。将阳性重组质粒转染Marc145细胞,检测绿色荧光蛋白的表达和NSP9基因转录水平。结果显示,经双酶切及PCR鉴定,目的基因的大小与预期相符。荧光显微镜和流式细胞仪均检测到细胞内绿色荧光蛋白的表达,荧光定量PCR检测到细胞内有NSP9基因的转录。本研究成功构建的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒NSP9基因GFP融合表达质粒,为在细胞水平快速筛选有效的siRNAs提供了工具。     

三株鸭源H9N2亚型禽流感病毒福建株全基因的测序及遗传进化分析

为明确3株鸭源H9N2亚型禽流感病毒福建株A/Muscovy duck/Fujian/CL/1997(H9N2)(简称CL株)、A/duck/Fujian/MH/2003(H9N2)(简称MH株)和A/duck/Fujian/FQ2/2007(H9N2)(简称FQ2株)全基因组的分子特征和遗传进化情况,采用RT-PCR方法扩增这3株病毒全基因片段,并进行序列比较及遗传进化分析。结果表明,所克隆的8个基因片段均有完整的开放阅读框,其血凝素基因蛋白裂解位点的氨基酸组成为-RSSR*GLF-,为不连续的碱性氨基酸,其静脉接种指数远小于1.2,均符合低致病性AIVHA蛋白裂解位点特征;CL株和MH株的HA基因在遗传进化上属于常见的CK/BJ/1/94群系;FQ2株HA基因在遗传进化上属于DK/HK/Y280/97群系,3株H9N2亚型AIV HA基因在遗传进化上均属于经典的欧亚种系。3株H9N2亚型AIV NA基因颈部均存在缺失,CL株和MH株的NA基因在遗传进化上属于常见的CK/BJ/1/94群系,FQ2株NA基因在遗传进化上属于G1群系。CL株和MH株的其他6个基因在遗传进化上均和经典的CK/BJ/1/94一致,而FQ2株则可能是由不同流感病毒基因亚系间发生自然重排的产物。     

Evaluating Claims of Social Connection to International Conflict Casualties

Recent studies examining the political impact of individuals' connections to the victims of international violence find these ties have a powerful effect on people's attitudes and feelings. How reliable, however, are self-reported claims of ties to a conflict's casualties? Using data from 9/11 and the Iraq War, I examine these claims, analyzing: 1) their influence on both public assessments of foreign policy and voting behavior, 2) whether critical demographic and political factors predict the likelihood of individuals reporting a tie to a conflict casualty, 3) the predicted, aggregate likelihood of survey respondents having connections to conflict victims, and 4) the theoretical distinction between actual vs. perceived casualty connections. The results strongly support the use of casualty connection data for understanding individuals' responses to international violence, and encourage future applications of social network approaches to the study of war and politics.     

生产、销售伪劣商品罪与假冒注册商标罪的竞合问题探析

关于生产、销售伪劣商品罪与假冒注册商标罪的竞合所涉及的罪数形态问题,主要存在“法条竞合论”、“想象竞合犯论”、“牵连犯论”以及“实质数罪论”等几种观点。在生产、销售伪劣商品罪与假冒注册商标罪竞合的场合,存在“一个行为”和“两个行为”的情形。这对罪数形态的判断会产生直接的影响。在“一个行为”的场合,即行为人在生产伪劣商品的过程中假冒他人的注册商标,或者在生产伪劣商品的过程中假冒他人的注册商标后又销售该商品的,成立想象竞合犯;在“两个行为”的场合,即行为人在他人生产的伪劣商品上假冒注册商标后销售该商品的,成立牵连犯。根据罪数理论通说,对想象竞合犯和牵连犯都应予以从一重罪处断。     

Issues in teaching terrorism as cultural artefact

From a humanities course on terrorism that focuses on how terrorist ideology and acts are transformed into cultural artefacts, several pedagogical–theoretical issues have emerged: the incongruity of viewing terrorist violence as art; 9/11 as an ahistorical event; the impossibility of defining terrorism; the infiltration (trivialisation?) of terrorism into popular culture; subgenres of terrorist works, each with its own paradigm; and the iconoclastic potential of many terrorist texts and films. These issues have implications for the curricular design of terrorism courses and for the role of instructors – in academia and in the larger community.     

The Elective and Automatic Theories of Termination in the Common Law of the Contract of Employment: Conundrum Resolved?

If a party to an employment contract commits a repudiatory dismissal or resignation, it has long been unclear whether the other party has the option either to terminate or affirm the contract (the elective theory) or whether the former's breach operates to bring the contract of employment to an end (the automatic theory). The recent decision of the Supreme Court in Société Générale (London Branch) v Geys has finally resolved this question. By a majority, the Supreme Court held that the elective theory also applies in the context of a wrongful repudiation of the employment contract by express dismissal or resignation. This note examines the significance of Geys in the context of the common law of the contract of employment and evaluates whether a number of related issues surrounding the breach and termination of the employment contract have been resolved.     

放火罪与故意杀人罪关系新论

通说认为,放火罪和故意杀人罪是法条竞合关系,但无力解释为何放火罪未造成重伤以上结果的法定刑轻于故意杀人罪的法定刑。为追求罪刑相适应,以杀人故意实施放火行为,又危害公共安全的,成立放火罪与故意杀人罪想象竞合犯的观点逐渐占据优势。但放火罪中的致人死亡包括故意杀人,这表明放火罪能够包含杀人的故意与致人死亡的结果,并不符合想象竞合的适用前提。事实上,罪刑失衡的质疑不成立,特别法是重法时,普通法的量刑应当受到特别法的限制。未造成重伤以上后果的故意杀人行为的量刑本应受放火罪法定刑的限制,处3年以上10年以下有期徒刑。     

法条竞合该往何处去——以交通肇事罪与过失致人重伤、死亡罪关系为例

法条竞合的研究主要是探寻与想象竞合如何区分,这不仅是理论问题,更是实践课题。遗憾的是,各种学说的混乱,法条竞合适用已然"伤痕累累"。试图建立起法条竞合的城堡,一劳永逸的阻挡想象竞合的侵犯并不可行。归本溯源,法条竞合存在的价值在于维护罪刑法定,要求司法最大程度的尊重立法,限制想象竞合的滥用。因此,不能再拘泥于法条竞合内涵的完善与统一,应当转变视角,追求一种共识即新的路径:基于罪刑法定,构成要件符合的常识性判断是司法的基础,合理怀疑排斥想象竞合的适用。     

Characterization of 26 miniSTR loci for improved analysis of degraded DNA samples

An additional 20 novel mini-short tandem repeat (miniSTR) loci have been developed and characterized beyond the six previously developed by our laboratory for a total of 26 non-CODIS miniSTR markers. These new markers produce short PCR products in the target range of 50-150 base pairs (bp) by moving the primer sequences as close as possible-often directly next to the identified repeat region. These candidate loci were initially screened based on their small amplicon sizes and locations on chromosomes currently unoccupied by the 13 CODIS STR loci or at least 50 Mb away from them on the same chromosome. They were sequenced and evaluated across more than 600 samples, and their population statistics were determined. The heterozygosities of the new loci were compared with those of the 13 CODIS loci and all were found to be comparable. Only five of the new loci had lower values than the CODIS loci; however, all of these were much smaller in size. This data suggests that these 26 miniSTR loci will serve as useful complements to the CODIS loci to aid in the forensic analysis of degraded DNA, as well as missing persons work and parentage testing with limited next-of-kin reference samples.