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31.
Kratom is a plant material exhibiting both analgesic and stimulant effects and is also forensically relevant since it is abused as a “legal high.” It is regulated in several countries but not scheduled in the United States at the federal level. This study used inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) to measure the concentrations of 13 elements in 19 kratom samples obtained from an online distributor selling kratom, from Borneo, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam, for the purpose of using the elements to discriminate among purported country of origin, “suborigin,” and strain. Analysis of variance revealed statistical differences in concentrations of elements from each group, while discriminant function analysis (using leave-one-out classification) successfully classified kratom samples by their purported country of origin (100%), “suborigin,” (100%), and strain (86%). Our method illustrates the possibility of utilizing ICP–MS for determination of commercially available kratom samples by purported origin, “subororign,” or by product line. 相似文献
32.
Political scientists have long agreed that partisanship can bias how voters evaluate government performance and attribute responsibility. However, less is known about how – and to what extent – these biases work across different types of voters, or how they respond to positive or non-partisan policy outcomes. In this research note we address these questions, focusing on how voters respond to a positive, non-partisan public health shock: the successful early rollout of Covid-19 vaccinations in England. Through a pre-registered information experiment embedded in the British Election Study (N > 6000), we test how voters respond to claims that the quasi-independent National Health Service, rather than the government, deserved credit for the success of the programme. On average, subjects do attribute less responsibility to government, but this has no downstream effect on general approval. Exploratory heterogeneity analyses suggest that government and opposition supporters, as well as historic swing voters, respond homogeneously to our intervention. Our findings are not fully explained by rational or selective frameworks of responsibility attribution, and add nuance to existing experimental work on the political effects of the pandemic. 相似文献
33.
Alfons van Impelen Harald Merckelbach Marko Jelicic Joost à Campo 《Legal and Criminological Psychology》2018,23(2):135-147
Purpose
To investigate the predictive value of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and features of ASPD (i.e., lack of remorse, blame externalization, and deceitfulness) for symptom exaggeration.Methods
A sample of forensic psychiatric patients (N = 57) was asked to complete several self‐report instruments (measuring symptom exaggeration, lack of remorse, blame externalization, and offense minimization) and a semi‐structured interview about their most recent offense. To quantify patients’ deceitfulness, the information collected via the semi‐structured interview was checked against the official records of patient's offenses. Additionally, patient's mental disorders and the extent to which patients denied their delinquency were determined by gathering clinician's judgement on this matter from patient records. The relation between symptom exaggeration and the potential predictors of symptom exaggeration was examined through correlational analyses and cross‐tabulation of prevalence rates of symptom exaggeration with prevalence rates of the potential predictors.Results
Antisocial personality disorder was not a useful predicator of symptom exaggeration. Also, patients who showed little regret for their offenses, or tended to blame their offenses on external factors, or minimized their delinquency, or were inaccurate when reporting their delinquency, had similar levels of symptom exaggeration as those without these tendencies.Conclusions
Neither ASPD nor antisocial traits, including lack of remorse, blame externalization, and deceitfulness, were meaningfully related to symptom exaggeration and therefore should have no place in the assessment of symptom validity or the detection of malingering. On the contrary; focusing on antisocial traits as indicators of symptom exaggeration is likely to result in large portions of misclassifications. 相似文献34.
35.
试论我国著作权职务作品法律制度的完善 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
庞立民 《国家检察官学院学报》2002,10(5):42-45
职务作品的著作权的原始归属问题 ,英美法系的“视为作者”原则与大陆法系的“创作人为作者”原则截然不同 ,且各有特点。我国的《著作权法》虽结合了两大法系的相关规定 ,但对“单位的优先使用权”及尊重创作者的精神利益等方面应予以修改和重视 相似文献
36.
构成要件符合性与客观处罚条件的判断 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
客观处罚条件与不法构成要件要素具有排斥关系。在判断后者的类型性特征时需借助客观归责理论。构成要件结果必须是构成要件行为类型性危险的相当性实现。基于此,丢失枪支不报罪中的“严重后果”属于客观处罚条件。在判断不法构成要件要素的违法性特征时,需考察该要素是否为构成要件行为的违法性提供实质根据。依此衡量,“情节严重”中的“严重”、“多次盗窃”中的“多次”、侵犯著作权罪中的“违法所得数额较大”等均是客观处罚条件。积极的客观处罚条件增加需罚性,消极的客观处罚条件减少需罚性,二者均具有限制处罚的机能,不会冲击责任主义。 相似文献
37.
我国房地产市场正走向成熟,但目前商品房售后保修义务中“质量问题”的举证责任分配法律尚未明确规定,再加上其他诸因素,使现实生活中开发商运用推委、拖延战术将保修责任及成本非法转借给“相对弱势业主群体”的案件大量出现。文中分析了该现象的本质、后果、成因及目前可行而又不足的保护途径;运用传统法理学与新兴法经济学方法,对立法完善的必要性、可行性进行了探讨,并提出了相应立法建议;最后指出该立法完善对创“和谐社会”、建“诚信中国”的重要意义。 相似文献
38.
我国以公权理念为基础,在职员职务发明成果财产权利分配方面存在绝对单一归属的问题,违背了智力财产私权性的法律原则和“投资决定产出”的经济公理,挫伤了发明人的创造积极性,影响了我国科技发展的进程。我国的“厚雇主”倾向、美国的“厚雇员”原则以及法国的\"折衷\"主义均有失偏颇。应当建立职务发明的类型化,以投资作为归属的基本考量,建立以财产权利共享、开发风险共担为核心的职务发明归属制度。 相似文献
39.
承揽合同四论 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
崔建远 《河南省政法管理干部学院学报》2010,25(2):75-79
区别承揽合同与劳动合同,首先看当事人双方的约定,无约定时看补充协议;达不成补充协议的,遵循交易习惯;无习惯可循的,按照承揽合同处理。我国现行法对于次承揽合同设有若干限制,对于不规则承揽也予以了承认。关于工作成果所有权的归属,应当区分类型加以确定,不宜整齐划一。 相似文献
40.
沈怡侃 《山西警官高等专科学校学报》2014,(1):38-43
刑法中的因果关系的理解与分析,应采取归因与归责的相分离模式,在归因阶段采取条件理论作为判断标准已达成共识,而在归责阶段则主要存在修正的条件理论、相当因果关系理论以及客观归责理论.本文认为在归因阶段应采取合法则的条件说,在归责阶段则通过对实行行为、违法性阻却事由等犯罪论理论的运用具体判断是否进行归责.同时认为,应在归因判断时强调事实存疑时有利于被告人的原则. 相似文献