党内民主建设的重大任务:实现党员主体地位

研究和探索实现党员主体地位的有效途径,是推进党内民主建设的重大任务。当前实现党员主体地位还存在着思想认识、制度机制、环境氛围等方面的制约因素。因此实现党员主体地位,必须把培养党员主体意识作为首要任务;必须把创新和完善制度机制作为基础性工程;必须把完善和健全保障机制作为根本要求;必须把创新和完善基层党组织设置和活动方式作为载体和平台;必须把营造党内民主讨论、民主监督环境作为有机环节。     

关于重塑“主人翁”的思考

以生产资料公有制为基础的社会主义经济制度的建立，决定了工人阶级的“主人翁”身份和地位，但改革开放带来的现实问题却对此有所动摇。如何消除社会对“主人翁”问题的困惑而巩固工人阶级的主人翁地位，已成为当今必须面对的一项重要课题。     

以人民主体思想为指导推进政治改革发展

在新的历史条件下夺取中国特色社会主义新胜利必须坚持人民主体地位，是党的十八大提出的一个基本要求。贯彻这一精神，要求我们牢固树立人民主体思想并以这个思想为指导，从改进党的领导方式和执政方式、完善人民代表大会制度、健全协商民主制度、发展基层民主制度、拓展人民监督权力的途径、深入实施依法治国基本方略等方面推进政治改革发展。     

人格物视野下人类基因的法律定位

脱离人身的基因,系人格之物化,具有物质与信息、人格与财产的双重属性,与传统民法上人与物的二元界分不无隔阂。故对基因的定位,势必要破除传统束缚,以新的思维或视阈洞见、透识问题。将人类基因定位为人格物,既是人类基因的特性使然,亦旨在透过基因物权实现对人之精神利益的周延保护。     

我国环境行政权与公民环境权的合理定位

市场经济条件下,中国需要符合市场机制的环境法,以合理地配置权力和权利。长期以来,人们对环境行政权和公民环境权的关系混淆不清,导致了环境行政权与公民环境权的错位。本文探讨了环境行政权与公民环境权的缘起及我国的立法现状,分析了两者的错位现象和原因,并对两者的重新定位和错位的消解提出了看法。     

Accuracy in determining long-range firing position of gunman

Treating the example of a 9 mm Parabellum bullet, the paper deals with the problem of shot distance determination at long ranges. It discusses the effects of inaccurately known angles of incidence as well as of weather and ammunition data and shows that the results of computations can only indicate a certain limited area as the possible position of the shooter.     

Software interoperability, intellectual property and competition law — Compulsory licenses for abuse of market dominance

Innovation is a shared purpose of both intellectual property (IP) and competition law. However, sometimes competition law conflicts with the interests of IP holders. This paper searches for an adequate criterion of practical concordance, which consists of evaluating, in the concrete situation, which of those regulations best performs the purpose of promoting innovation. It is considered that requirements of competition law shape IP regulations, but the internal limits of protection therein identified are not enough to safeguard concerns of competition law. In particular, European courts held that, in exceptional circumstances, IP holders with market dominant position can be compelled to grant licenses of IP protected goods, such as copyrighted information and software. Such lifting of the IP exclusion power finds its rationale in preserving competition and promoting innovation, which is particularly sensitive within the dynamic software market.     

我国司法鉴定改革述评与展望

我国的司法鉴定改革自1998年正式展开。第一轮改革由司法部主导并以司法鉴定的社会化和体制统一为核心内容。第二轮改革的基本标志是全国人大常委会颁布的《关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》,仍然致力于司法鉴定的体制统一。但改革至今,广受诟病的多头鉴定和重复鉴定等问题依然存在。应当从《司法鉴定法》的制定、司法鉴定行政管理体制的统一、加强当事人对司法鉴定的参与和健全司法鉴定行业管理制度等几个方面进一步深化改革。     

针灸对海洛因复吸大鼠脑组织多巴胺、5-羟色胺的影响

目的 探讨针灸干预海洛因复吸的作用机制.方法 采用间断性递增量肌肉注射海洛因的方法复制海洛因复吸大鼠模型,观察针灸对海洛因复吸大鼠条件性位置偏爱(conditional position preference,CPP)的行为学改变及脑组织多巴胺(dopamine,DA)、5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT) 含量变化的影响.结果 针灸能防止海洛因复吸大鼠体质量的下降(P<0.01),显著延长海洛因复吸大鼠在暗箱的停留时间(P<0.01),显著降低海洛因复吸大鼠脑组织DA和5-HT含量(P<0.01).结论 抑制脑组织DA、5-HT的释放,降低对海洛因用药行为有关环境的依赖行为,可能是针灸干预海洛因复吸的作用机制之一.     

Diplomatic Interactions and Negotiations

This article examines the role of state actors, organization agencies, and individual agents in diplomatic interactions and negotiations. States as diplomatic actors, organizations as diplomatic agencies, and individuals as diplomatic agents enter into complex and interdependent relationships. Proposing a three‐level analysis of interstate interactions and diplomatic negotiations, I argue that no diplomatic negotiation happens without interactions between parties at the state, organizational, and individual levels. The agency–structure paradigm provides a conceptual framework for understanding behavioral and structural properties of international interactions and their influence on diplomatic negotiations. Diplomatic negotiation employs specific forms of interaction, using a distinct language, protocol norms, symbols, ceremonies, and rituals. The state's “self” (as a social conception of its identity, values, and interests) affects the process of diplomatic negotiation. By managing, organizing, and improving international interactions at the actor, agency, and agent levels, negotiating parties can advance the process and effectiveness of diplomatic negotiation.