从客观归因到主观归责

在中国现行刑法的明文规定和犯罪构成四要件的解说体系下，对因果关系及刑事责任的确定应遵循从客观归因到主观归责的分析进路。所谓客观归因，即对因果关系的判断只是确定行为人承担刑事责任的客观基础，故采用“条件说”即能以最简捷方法予以解决，不需要引入见仁见智的各式规范判断学说；至于由此而导致的责任范围过于宽泛的问题，则可以通过对主观罪过的精确界定予以解决，在主客观相统一的更高层面最终解决对行为人是否归责的问题。     

Norms,Behavioral Compliance,and Status Attribution in International Politics

Extant work on status attribution has largely focused on major powers or state capabilities as key explanatory factors driving these social processes and suggests that status considerations increase conflicts between states. We argue for a more comprehensive approach to status attribution that considers international norms as another major factor that is weighed in the attribution process. We contend that states (policymakers) evaluate one another not only on the basis of economic and military capabilities but also on the extent to which there is behavioral conformance with normative expectations and reward one another dependent upon whether these expectations are met. However, this attribution of status is dependent upon the level of contestation pertaining to that norm. Using a data set that assesses consistency with six different norms (resource transference, multilateralism, economic liberalism, democratic governance, respect for human rights, and peaceful dispute resolution), we find that status attribution is associated with norm-consistent behavior but only when these norms are uncontested at the global level.     

POLICE RESPONSE TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: SITUATIONS INVOLVING VETERANS EXHIBITING SIGNS OF MENTAL ILLNESS*

Drawing on attribution theory, research on police discretion, and public attitudes toward mental illness, we examine attributional processes in police decision making in response to domestic violence situations involving veterans and nonveterans with signs of mental illness. Using data from experimental vignettes varying veteran status, victim injury, and suspect compliance administered to a sample of 309 police officers, the results indicate that 1) veterans are perceived as less responsible for troublesome behavior but more dangerous than nonveterans, 2) suspects’ veteran status has a significant effect on officers’ preference for mental health treatment versus arrest, and 3) part of the effect of veteran status on officer response is mediated by internal and external attributions for problematic behavior and by perceptions of dangerousness. The study empirically demonstrates countervailing processes in police decision making—recognition of the causes for troublesome behavior and the need for mental health treatment on the one hand and concern for community safety and enforcing the law on the other.     

Gender and Publication Patterns: Female Authorship Is Increasing,But Is There Gender Parity?

Women's authorship has historically been underrepresented in criminal justice publications. The current study updates previous research by examining the authorship patterns of articles published in 8 criminological journals spanning 2007 to 2013. Women's representation increased from earlier rates but remained below that of their male contemporaries. This growth corresponded with general trends of increasing coauthorship, suggesting that the recent gains in women's representation do not indicate decreases in gender disparities. Men also were more likely to have sole-authored articles and be lead authors in papers coauthored by men and women. In addition, the vast majority of articles included at least 1 male author, and far fewer included a female giving men a larger visual presence. Gender representation also varied considerably between mainstream/traditional journals and 2 gender-specialized journals.     

我国著作权保护之反思

我国著作权保护中存在着不足,同为智力成果,原创性的传统文化得不到保护,而计算机软件不仅受版权保护,甚至得到超国民待遇的保护.改变这一现状的措施是,制定特别立法;通过国际谈判使TRIPS协议中增加对传统文化进行保护.对于计算机软件方面的保护从实际出发进行立法,利用TRIPS协议中的弹性条款作出有利于我国的解释.     

Sanctioning risky life-styles: Attitudes toward solidarity or equitable distribution of health care

Rising costs of medical care and increasing knowledge about behavior-related health risks favor the use of the equity principle in health care allocation. This paper deals with attitudes to the question of whether or not one's payments should be contingent upon the risks one takes. From an explorative analysis of arguments espoused by letter writers from a Dutch health magazine, it becomes apparent that equity plays a major role in the respondents' views of the distribution of health care facilities. Next, the role of attribution in adopting attitudes toward risky life-styles is studied on the basis of a survey using a representative sample of Dutch households. Beliefs about the individual ability to influence health have no effect on risk solidarity, whereas beliefs about the proper amount of effort to avoid health risks do have an effect.     

Asymmetric federalism and economic voting

Although federal arrangements adopt a multiplicity of forms across and within federations, this article suggests that some models of power division are better than others at enhancing clarity of responsibility and electoral accountability. This conclusion is the result of exploring responsibility attribution and economic voting in a state where decentralisation arrangements vary across regions: the Spanish State of Autonomies. Using electoral surveys and aggregated economic data for the 1982–2012 period, the empirical analysis shows that regional economic voting is most pronounced in regions where decentralisation design concentrated authority and resources at one level of government, whereas it is inexistent in regions where devolution followed a more intertwined model of power distribution. The implication of the empirical findings is that the specific design of intergovernmental arrangements is crucial to make electoral accountability work in federations.     

公司设立中行为效力探析

公司设立中行为效力的制度安排涉及发起人与成立后公司的利益衡量。本文在研究国外法理及立法的基础上,建议我国《公司法》简化公司设立的条件,承认设立中公司具有有限的人格,将公司设立行为的效力归属于成立后的公司,公司设立中的其他行为则由发起人承担     

群体性事件的心理归因及疏导探析

群体性事件是困扰世界各国的社会难题。一段时间以来,我国的群体性事件也呈增长之势。从社会心理和政治心理层面分析群体性事件的成因,可以为找到解决群体性事件的心理学方法,加强对群体性事件参与者的心理疏导提供帮助。     

“假冒他人署名”的性质认定

对假冒他人署名的定性问题有＂署名权说＂,但该说忽视了著作权依作品的创作而产生的原理。基于被冒名者的姓名被他人擅自利用的事实,应认定冒名行为侵害了被冒名者的姓名权。假冒他人署名往往还会侵害权利人的名誉权,也可能构成不正当竞争行为。