不发达地区的公共财政建设问题

以市场经济为导向的公共财政制度是我国财政改革的必然方向。但不发达地区建设公共财政有其特殊性,市场体系不成熟、经济基础薄弱、财政管理体制不协调都影响到这些地区公共财政建设的步伐和质量,这就要求我国在建设公共财政制度时必须以系统、全局的眼光来思考问题,充分认识到落后地区建设公共财政制度的实际需要,促进我国公共财政制度的顺利改革。     

环境犯罪立法模式：比较与选择

环境问题已经成为全人类共同关心和关注的问题,环境问题的本质是人类本身的生存问题。保护环境的目的在于保证人类自身的生存和人类社会的可持续发展,为此,世界各国刑法均规定了环境犯罪,以回应人类保护环境的价值诉求。由于受传统刑法理论的影响,我国现行的环境犯罪立法,包括立法价值、立法模式、立法技术等等,还不能彰显我国刑法在保护环境方面的功能。文章以比较的方法探讨了我国环境犯罪立法模式的功能不足,以及我国环境犯罪立法模式的应然选择。     

Too much choice,too little impact: a multilevel analysis of the contextual determinants of preference voting

Abstract

Despite the rich and growing body of research addressing how turnout and party choice depend on the institutional context, far less is known about the impact of the political environment on voters’ propensity to vote for candidates – not parties. Recent single-country studies have focused almost exclusively on individual-level resource- and identity-based differences in preference voting. Combining data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) and Participation and Representation in Modern Democracies (PARTIREP) election studies in six countries, this article provides the first comprehensive, cross-national test of the impact of macro-contextual factors on a voter’s decision to indicate a candidate preference, instead of simply casting a party list vote. It demonstrates that both the failure of preference votes to affect the allocation of seats and choice overload dissuade voters from marking a candidate name on the ballot. These contextual factors affect informed and uninformed voters differently, moreover. The findings have important implications for electoral scholars and political practitioners when designing electoral systems.     

低碳经济：我国经济社会可持续发展的战略选择

低碳经济是以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基础的经济模式,其实质是提高能源利用效率和创建清洁能源结构。发展低碳经济、开发清洁能源是实现我国经济社会可持续发展的必然选择。因此,在探索我国工业化、城市化和低碳化并行发展的模式时,要考虑我国的国情,在转变经济发展方式的前提下,提高能源利用效率,着力构建节约型的产业结构;在调整能源消费结构中,要提高优质能源比重,促进中国经济社会的可持续发展。     

'Moves on a Chess Board': A Spatial Model of British Prime Ministers' Powers over Cabinet Formation

We use an institutional rational choice approach to help us understand how prime ministers in the UK make cabinet appointments and the implications for prime ministerial power. Assuming that prime ministers attempt to form a cabinet so as to get an overall package of policies as close as possible to their ideal, we show why the trade-offs they face are so complex, why apparently common-sense rules for making appointments might not always work well and why apparently strange choices made by prime ministers might actually be rational. Acknowledging the power prime ministers derive from their ability to appoint, we argue that the literature commonly fails to distinguish between power and luck, where lucky prime ministers get their way because they happen to agree with colleagues.     

台商对大陆投资区位选择的影响因素分析——基于偏最小二乘回归方法的最新考证

台商对大陆投资的区位选择,受地区市场规模及其增长潜力、对外开放水平、基础设施完备程度、集聚经济状况、人力资源质量与生产成本等多方面因素的影响。针对2007年台商投资的偏最小二乘回归结果表明：除效率工资和税负水平外,其余区位因素对于台商投资有正向影响;东、中、西部地区的区位因素影响力表现出一定的差异,反映在经济发展水平不同的区域,台商亦有不同的区位决策过程;在经济转型时期,大陆各省区的集聚经济与市场发育程度最受台商关注,市场规模和潜力的影响作用尚未有足够体现,而劳动力因素对于台商投资区位选择的影响较小。     

地方政府公共服务创新：驱动机制与路径选择——中国情境下的分析框架和经验证据

不断推进地方政府公共服务创新是破解当前公共服务供给困境,构建我国治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要组成部分。在对国内外相关文献分析的基础上,从政治制度、社会需求和资源支撑等视角出发,构建了中国情境下地方政府公共服务创新驱动机制的分析框架,通过模糊集定性比较分析的方法,对"中国地方政府创新奖"下公共服务创新类项目进行了系统比较分析。研究发现,在中国情境下,晋升激励是引致地方政府创新成功的充分条件,领导支持是驱动地方政府创新成功的必要条件;而在创新的代表性路径中,公民参与和媒体报道也发挥着重要作用,经济发展水平和改革本身的难度对创新工作的影响有限;行政主导型、需求诱发型和多方互动型的创新模式是我国地方政府公共服务创新时选择的主要路径模式。未来中央应更注重从制度层面激发地方政府公共服务的创新热情,降低社会公共服务需求的政府进入门槛,同时应注重激发公共服务创新要素组合的叠加效应。     

Inside Lobbying on the Regulation of New Plant Breeding Techniques in the European Union: Determinants of Venue Choices

In July 2018, the Court of Justice of the European Union decided that new plant breeding techniques (NPBTs) fall within the scope of the restrictive provisions on genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Previously, various actors had lobbied in order to influence the European Union’s (EU’s) regulatory decision on NPBTs. This study examines the venue choices taken by Cibus, a biotech company that promoted NPBT deregulation. It shows that the firm bypassed the EU level and that it lobbied competent authorities (CAs) in certain member states to gain support for the deregulation of NPBTs. Cibus chose the CAs because their institutional “closedness” reduced the risk of the debate over the deregulation of NPBTs becoming public. However, the CA’s specific competences and their influence on EU decision making were of likewise importance. The firm lobbied CAs based in Finland, Germany, Ireland, Sweden, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Two factors appear to have influenced Cibus’ choices for these countries: high‐level political support for agribiotech and the high relevance of biotech sectors. In contrast, public support for GMOs turned out to have hardly any influence, and virtually no association could be observed for the agricultural application of biotechnology in the past nor for the weakness of domestic anti‐GMO lobby groups. Finally, the in‐depth study on Germany affirms that “closedness” was important for Cibus’ choices and reveals that technical information served as a venue‐internal factor that influenced the firm’s choices.     

个人选择:现代社会秩序正当性的基础——评《选择的共和国:法律、权威与文化》

自现代化以来西方社会面临深刻的社会转型,伴随而至的不确定性对当今西方社会的法律、制度和秩序的正当性构成了严峻的挑战.弗里德曼以权威与自治,制度、秩序与自由权利的悖论为理论线索.以表现型个人主义价值观为理论基础,以个人选择和法律文化的基本概念为核心展开了对不确定性的消解和对选择的共和国的建构.但是他的这种建构却在事实上预设了个人与社会的分离.这表现在他的个人选择理论的建构没有考察社会场域中诸多因素的相互作用.这使他在对古典自由主义的个人主义观的批判之上建立的以表现型个人主义为基础的理论又回到了古典自由主义的起点之上,从而使自己的理论具有不可克服的内在紧张.     

‘Lovers of liberty’?Prostitution and the Politics of Choice in Emma Donoghue’s Slammerkin

This article explores the way in which Emma Donoghue’s novel Slammerkin (2000) reflects long-standing feminist debates surrounding prostitution. We argue that not only does Donoghue’s portrayal of prostitution resist the pro versus anti dichotomy in which feminist perspectives on sex work are so often narrowly situated, but Slammerkin also foregrounds the complexity with which the politics of choice intersects with women’s decision to sell their bodies.