我国领导干部道德建设问题刍议

社会上所谓"好贪官"现象的存在及某些学者"腐败次优选择"论的出现,使得领导干部道德建设更为迫在眉睫。通过探源领导干部及道德建设的内涵发现,目前我国领导干部道德建设中普遍存在着教育力度薄弱、约束机制不完善和考核机制缺乏实效等问题。有针对性地探讨领导干部道德建设的方法和途径,旨在提升领导干部道德素质水平,加强领导干部队伍建设,有效推动社会主义建设事业快速发展。     

生态型政府建设的困局与出路

生态型政府建设是我国生态文明发展的必然要求。当前,我国生态型政府建设面临诸多困局,如经济效益、社会效益与生态效益的关系失衡,政府主导型发展模式与生态发展的冲突,经济转型升级的体制性问题制约等,因此,要加快我国生态型政府建设,必须将生态治理纳入政府核心职能范畴,加大污染治理与防控力度;优化地方治理模式,构建政府主导下的多元主体参与的开放型生态治理格局;深化政府管理体制改革,形成生态治理的整合效应。     

美国惩治国际恐怖分子的法律选择问题

美国十多年来的反恐战略、手段与措施较此前是极大的挑战,甚至突破了既有国际政治框架和国际法律秩序所能够容忍的限度。美国政府扩张武装冲突的外延、新设全球反恐战争概念、避开平时刑法试图选择适用武装冲突法以获得更多的战时特权,其目的是为定点清除找到正当根据,为反恐措施披上合法外衣。但是,选择适用武装冲突法,进而采取军事手段“以暴制暴”,无助于最恰当和最有效地惩治国际恐怖分子。美国政府在巩固既有反恐成果的同时,应当积极反思其错误适用反恐法律所导致的消极后果,以确保其惩治国际恐怖分子法律选择的恰当性与有效性。     

形式和实质的解释论之争与犯罪论体系的选择

当前,在我国刑法解释领域内,形式解释论与实质解释论之争是一种颇为引人注目的争论。因为各学者在对这两类解释论基本涵义的认识上并不统一,所以这一论争在目前呈现出一种较为混乱的状态。通过深入分析这两类解释论主要倡导者的学术观点,可以发现,两类解释论之争的核心问题依然是犯罪论体系的选择问题,即是选择德日古典的三阶层判断式的犯罪论体系,还是选择一种综合判断式的犯罪论体系。在犯罪的认定上,主张分层式逻辑判断的德日犯罪论体系并不具有明显的合理性,而主张平面式综合判断的我国传统犯罪构成体系,不仅在理论上具有相对的合理性,而且在实践中也是可行的。     

论中国海事侵权的法律适用

传统上,中国海事侵权案件的法律选择依照《中华人民共和国民法通则》第146条和《中华人民共和国海商法》第273条及第275条的规定。在《中华人民共和国涉外民事关系法律适用法》颁布后,海事侵权案件（包括船舶碰撞）的法律选择完全可以依照该法第44条的规定,但在适用侵权行为地法规则时须做些调整,对于发生于船舶内部的侵权行为和仅涉及两艘同国籍船舶的海事侵权案件须视船舶为侵权行为地而适用船旗国法律,对于发生于公海的无船旗国法律可适用的海事侵权案件则适用法院地法律。《中华人民共和国海商法》关于海事赔偿责任限制法律适用的规定也可并入《中华人民共和国涉外民事关系法律适用法》。     

WHAT ROLE FOR GOVERNMENT? THE PROMOTION OF CIVIL SOCIETY THROUGH FORESTRY‐RELATED CLIMATE CHANGE INTERVENTIONS IN POST‐CONFLICT NEPAL

This study examines rationales behind the choice of local interlocutors by forestry‐related climate change projects in post‐conflict Nepal. In their stated objectives, all projects claim to involve the government, and most project decision makers are in favor of government involvement, yet project resources overwhelmingly favor civil society institutions. Project decision makers' choices are shaped by a combination of donor conditionalities, contextual constraints, and beliefs about which institutional attributes matter and how to address historical marginalization. The projects' empowerment of civil society sidesteps opportunities to strengthen the local government, which is described as weak, disinterested, and lacking legitimacy owing to the absence of elections due to the unsettled post‐conflict situation. Through the choices made and their justifications, projects and donors further marginalize the local government materially and discursively and thereby entrench its perceived deficiencies. We argue that this privileging of civil society may have implications for government legitimacy and post‐conflict reconstruction and call for donors and the intervening institutions they fund to critically and collectively reassess the role of forestry‐related climate change projects in the larger process of post‐conflict reconstruction in Nepal. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Income-based voting and polarization over redistribution under alternative electoral systems

Democracies that have proportional electoral systems spend substantively more on welfare policies than those that have majoritarian systems. Theoretical accounts of this empirical regularity are generally tested using macro-level data, leaving micro-level implications untested. In this paper, I take an alternative approach, leveraging the fact that the theories in question make predictions about the electoral coordination between parties and voters around broad-based redistribution under alternative institutional arrangements. To test the theories, I create a novel measure of income-based voting, which captures the sensitivity of vote choice to changes in income and forms the dependent variable in a second stage model. Overall, I find robust support for more proportionality leading to more income-based voting.     

The religious and spiritual underpinnings of party choice in christian Europe

Many studies have shown that individual religiosity is related to a Christian Democratic vote. Recently, studies from sociology of religion have reported the rise of holistic spirituality. This paper is the first to examine the effects of holistic spirituality on party choice. In addition, it critically assesses the assertion that conventional religiosity prevents individuals from affiliating with Green parties.Our results show that spirituality is related to a higher probability of choosing Green parties. Moreover, conventional religiosity increases the probability that moderate left voters will prefer a Green party to a Social Democratic party. This result shows that there is common ground between the electorates of Green and Christian Democratic parties, thus creating possibilities for new political coalitions.     

社会风险语境下的经济犯罪治理

经济犯罪是市场经济下的一种特殊社会现象，是社会风险在经济领域中的集中体现。公众视野中的经济犯罪不仅限于传统意义上经济领域的刑事犯罪，体现出了市场经济以及风险社会的典型特征。建立经济犯罪治理的原则，将经济犯罪划分为“已罪犯”、“违法犯”和“潜在犯”进行分类治理，是维护国家经济安全、确保社会主义市场经济健康发展的有效对策。     

DNA遗传标记STR基因座的高分辨电泳分型

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶水平不连续电泳和自动激光荧光DNA分析等两种高分辨电泳技术，比较和评估它们对4个STR基因座分型的准确性。结果表明，两者对HUMTH01、HUMVWA和HUM-FES三个基因座的分型结果完全一致。对HUMTHF13A基因座分型，聚丙烯酰胺凝胶水平不连续电泳获得的结果与自动激光荧光DNA分析不具可比性。