社会风险语境下的经济犯罪治理

经济犯罪是市场经济下的一种特殊社会现象，是社会风险在经济领域中的集中体现。公众视野中的经济犯罪不仅限于传统意义上经济领域的刑事犯罪，体现出了市场经济以及风险社会的典型特征。建立经济犯罪治理的原则，将经济犯罪划分为“已罪犯”、“违法犯”和“潜在犯”进行分类治理，是维护国家经济安全、确保社会主义市场经济健康发展的有效对策。     

Post-decision confidence,decision time,and self-reported decision processes as postdictors of identification accuracy

Abstract

Post-decision confidence, decision time, and decision processes were evaluated concerning their usefulness for postdicting identification accuracy. One hundred and ninety-two participants witnessed a filmed theft and were tested with target-absent or target-present simultaneous lineups 1 week later. Post-decision confidence was positively associated with, and decision time negatively associated with choosers’ identification accuracy. For several measures of self-reported decision processes, the expected associations were non-significant. Using a decision rule including highly confident and fast participants led to more correct classifications than either variable alone. Significant associations between postdictors highlight the need to consider the different processes jointly as, in combination, they may be more useful in assessing identification decisions.     

论涉外民事法律选择方法(模式)的范式转换

"规则"与"方法"之争是当今涉外民事法律适用中的主要议题。从国际私法的历史发展看,各国学者基于不同立场和观念提出诸多法律选择方法,这些方法在理论层面上呈现出三种不同的样态,即"方法论意义上的法律选择模式"、"本体论意义上的法律选择模式"以及代表当代国际私法基本走向的"混合型法律选择模式"。就我国国际私法理论研究和涉外民事裁判的实践而言,研究涉外民事法律选择方法的范式转换对于我们正确认识和运用《涉外民事关系法律适用法》具有十分重要的现实意义。     

How Second Order Are Local Elections? Voting Motives and Party Preferences in Belgian Municipal Elections

A defining characteristic of second-order elections is that voters base their decision on considerations that were developed for a different policy level. Therefore, this kind of elections does not contribute to the quality of democratic representation. Municipal elections are often considered as second-order elections. In this article, we use data from an exit poll (n = 4,591) held during the 2012 municipal elections in Belgium. Results suggest that although voters predominantly invoke local aspects as determining their vote choice, still three-quarters votes for the same party locally as for federal elections. Among voters who deviate from their federal party preference, knowing local candidates and concern about local policy issues are the main sources of deviation. The conclusion therefore is that local candidates do make a difference and contribute strongly to the salience of electoral decisions on the local level.     

The Second Time as Tragedy? Welfare Reform under Thatcher and the Coalition

The welfare reforms of the Coalition government are marked by the legacy of Thatcherism. Social security reforms in the 1980s reshaped the system towards reliance on means‐tested benefits. Negative policy feedback created by the opacity and perverse effects of means‐testing has made these benefits an easy target for the Coalition, at least so far as working age people are concerned. Different policy feedbacks affect policy towards old age pensions. The government is locked into promoting private pensions, and is extending this commitment with automatic enrolment. To make private pensions pay, it has to reverse the slide to means‐testing. The implication is that the pronounced bias against the working poor and in favour of older people in Coalition policy is not simply a matter of electoral preferences: rather, it reflects the political effects of previous policy decisions.     

Elections in Western European parliaments

Parliaments often elect holders of important extra‐parliamentary offices such as heads of state, constitutional judges, heads of audit institutions and ombudsmen. What drives the behaviour of parliamentary actors and the outcome of such elections? This article explains actor behaviour theoretically, drawing on spatial factors, principal‐agent arguments about the importance of nonspatial candidate characteristics and signaling arguments about competitive considerations beyond the specific election. Empirically, it provides the first comparative analysis of such elections outside the United States Senate using original data on 100 elections for four external offices in 14 Western European parliaments. The findings show that spatial variables, nonspatial candidate characteristics and features of the competitive context systematically affect the election outcome. The article contributes to comparative parliamentary research in general by demonstrating how parliamentary activities, other than lawmaking, can be analysed using established theories and by showing that consensual aggregate outcomes can be explained within a competition‐based rational choice model.     

合同救济方法之选择与适用

当事人订立的合法有效的合同具有约束力,当事人应当按照合同的约定履行自己的合同义务。但实际生活中却往往出现当事人违反合同义务的行为,即违约行为。在现有立法的框架下,由于合同救济方法和途径的多样化,使得当事人和人民法院不可避免地会遇到合同救济方法的选择与实用问题。本文对此展开了讨论。     

司法的功能变迁及其在和谐社会视野下的角色定位

司法作为调整机会利益格局的重要力量,其功能经历了从传统到现代的变迁。以经济市场化、政治民主化和法治化为基本特征的现代化是这种变迁所依凭的社会背景并决定着变迁的进展。因应现代化浪潮,我国的司法经历了从孤立内向的自然演化到逐步纳入全球司法文明发展轨道的转变。在这种情况下,我国的司法应如何在既存制度中找寻具体路径践行现代司法制度,并确保有效调整和谐社会构建中日益凸显的各种利益保障需求,成为至关重要的问题。对我国司法的功能进行重新定位,结构调整和功能开发是应然选择。     

对影响指纹自动识别系统因素的探讨

指纹鉴定是人身识别最重要的手段之一,指纹自动识别系统为指纹鉴定工作提供了一个新的平台,但在实践中有诸多因素不同程度地影响着指纹自动识别系统的运用。研究和探讨影响指纹自动识别系统的因素,并采取相应的对策,无疑对侦查破案有着十分重要的意义和作用。     

猪源粪肠球菌的BIOLOG系统鉴定及其生物学特性

利用BIOLOG自动微生物分析系统和传统鉴定方法对1株猪源粪肠球菌进行了鉴定,并对其生物学特性进行了系统研究。结果显示,2种鉴定方法的结果一致,与传统的鉴定方法相比,BIOLOG自动微生物分析系统更快捷、方便、高效,可快速为临床诊断和用药提供依据。生物学试验表明,本株粪肠球菌在液体和固体培养基内均可有效抑制大肠杆菌生长,从而维持肠道平衡;另外,该菌株可使培养液的pH值降低至3.69。上述结果为该菌株的进一步开发利用提供了理论支持。