构建和谐社会的路径选择

社会主义和谐社会有其特定的涵义与特征。在现阶段构建社会主义和谐社会,必须确立共享社会发展成果的基本理念,坚持以人为本的管理原则,建立必要的利益协调机制,加大对弱势群体的利益补偿,构建开放的社会阶层结构,实行严格的环境保护政策。     

解决中国"三农"问题的战略选择

解决中国"三农"问题的根本出路是大量减少农民,实现三大战略转型,即农业产业的战略转型、农村社会的战略转型、农民身份的战略转型.推行以消化农民为主旨的工业化路线,是解决中国"三农"问题的重要战略举措之一.在中国,推进城镇化战略,已得到决策层的充分肯定并加以实施.这一举措对于解决"三农"问题具有重大意义.     

我国夫妻财产制之法律规定的若干问题研究 --兼谈我国新《婚姻法》之完善

对新《婚姻法》夫妻财产制的有关规定思考,夫妻财产制的选择与变更,婚姻存续期间所得财产与分居所得财产,夫妻债务规定。     

公共选择理论视角下提高公民科学素质的对策

根据布坎南的公共选择理论,各种特殊利益之间的"缔约"在公众中进行集体选择中起着关键的作用,而并非公众所认为的"根据公共利益进行选择"的结果。无论是企业行为还是各种公共选择,其结果均来自各个利益主体的相互较量和博弈。提高公民科学素质工程无论对于国家实力提升、社会均衡发展还是公民个体都是一个无法回避的公共选择,然而在具体政策的制定与措施的实施方面,仍缺少相应的理论依据。基于公共选择理论,从政府支持、科普组织以及主体参与等三方面进行分析和探讨。     

中国梦的再解读与中国特色和平发展道路

中华民族近代以来的最伟大梦想就是实现中华民族的伟大复兴,即中国梦。中国梦是国家富强、民族振兴的国家梦,中国梦是社会和谐、人民幸福的个人梦,中国梦是和平、发展、合作、共赢的世界梦,中国梦与世界各国人民的美好梦想相通,但中国梦不是霸权梦。实现中国梦不能走世界革命的老路,也不能走霸权主义的邪路,必须坚持走有中国特色的和平发展道路,中国特色的和平发展道路是中国共产党人带领全国人民在革命、建设、改革、发展的现代化进程中,根据时代发展潮流和国家根本利益作出的战略抉择,是在改革开放的实践中已经被反复证明的实现中华民族伟大复兴的正确道路。中国梦与中国特色的和平发展道路相辅相成、不可分割。     

论环境壁垒的双重性及我国的法律选择

随着经济全球化的迅猛发展和世界环保运动浪潮的高涨,环境因素在国际贸易中的影响达到了前所未有的高度。世界各国通过制定环境壁垒来保护生态环境和国民健康,符合时代潮流;但有些国家通过制定严格苛刻的环境壁垒来保护本国产业,阻止外国产品的进入,则限制了自由贸易。面对这些,我国应从国情出发,认清环境壁垒双重性的本质,避其弊、取其利,选择自己的环境壁垒法律制度,最终实现我国环境保护和贸易自由“双赢”的目标。     

区位选择对企业竞争力提升的影响

作为企业生产经营活动中应考虑的一个重要因素,区位选择通过对企业的成本、收益、资源配置效率、市场份额以及文化氛围等因素的影响并进而在相当程度上影响着企业竞争力的提升。区位选择对企业竞争力的相关影响,从现阶段全球大公司总部迁移的趋势中得到体现。     

Human Identification Using Automatic and Semi‐Automatically Detected Facial Marks

Continuing advancements in the field of digital cameras and surveillance imaging devices have led law enforcement and intelligence agencies to use analysis of images and videos for the investigation and prosecution of crime. When determining identity from photographic evidence, forensic analysts perform comparison of visible facial features manually, which is inefficient. In this study, we will address research efforts to use facial marks as biometric signatures to distinguish between individuals. We propose two systems to assist forensic analysts during photographic comparison: an improved multiscale facial mark system in which facial marks are detected automatically, and a semi‐automatic facial mark system that integrates human knowledge within the improved multiscale facial mark system. Experiment results employ a high‐resolution time‐elapsed dataset acquired at the University of Notre Dame between 2009 and 2011. The results indicate that the geometric distributions of facial mark patterns can be used to distinguish between individuals.     

“Take My License n’ All That Jive,I Can’t See … 35”: Little Hope for the Future Encourages Offending Over time

A very small number of studies has observed that persons who perceive an early age-at-death report a higher risk of offending. This literature, however, is limited by the use of general population samples, cross-sectional data, and the failure to consider both the determinants of perceived age-at-death, as well as some of the mediating processes associated with the relationship between perceived age-at-death and offending. Using data for a large sample of serious youthful offenders from two urban cities and who were followed for seven years, the current study attends to these concerns. Results show that gender, race/ethnicity, and adverse neighborhood conditions influence the perceived age-at-death; this perception distinguishes between distinct trajectories of offending, and such perceptions also influence both perceived risks and perceived rewards as well as one’s impulse control.     

CAN RATIONAL CHOICE BE CONSIDERED A GENERAL THEORY OF CRIME? EVIDENCE FROM INDIVIDUAL‐LEVEL PANEL DATA

In the last few decades, rational choice theory has emerged as a bedrock theory in the fields of economics, sociology, psychology, and political science. Although rational choice theory has been available to criminologists for many years now, the field has not embraced it as other disciplines have. Moreover, rational choice scholars have fueled this skepticism of the theory's generality by modeling offender decision making that is one‐sided—large on the costs of crime (sanction threats), short on the benefits of crime. In this article, we directly assess the generality of rational choice theory by examining a fully specified model in a population that is often presumed to be less rational—adolescents from lower socioeconomic families who commit both instrumental (property) and expressive crimes (violence/drugs). By using a panel of N = 1,354 individuals, we find that offending behavior is consistent with rational responses to changes in the perceived costs and benefits of crime even after eliminating fixed unobserved heterogeneity and other time‐varying confounders, and these results are robust across different subgroups. The findings support our argument that rational choice theory is a general theory of crime.