企业法人营业执照被吊销后的法律问题探讨--兼评国家工商行政管理局工商企字[2002]第106号文

有人认为吊销营业执照就等于终止了企业的法人资格,这种认识值得商榷。吊销营业执照只是取消了企业进行营业活动的资格,但不能直接取消其法人资格,法人应当首先清算,清算完成后,向工商管理部门办理注销手续。此时,法人资格才能够终止。因此,被吊销营业执照后至企业法人资格被注销前,企业仍然可以自己的名义起诉和应诉。工商行政管理总局第106号文的有关规定是不合理的,应当修正。     

Blinking Subjects; Blinking Justice? – Law,Medicine and the PVS Patient

This paper argues that in medical discourse, there is insufficient unanimity of opinion with regards to the time at which an accurate diagnosis of PVS can be made and that clearly, there is an incomplete medical knowledge of the PVS condition. The judiciary chooses neither to question medical opinion that patients can be considered to be in PVS despite a failure to satisfy the diagnostic criteria, nor medical opinion that patients in `near PVS' will never recover. It is apparent from an examination of the judgements given in PVS cases that the law does not ascribe such individuals with full human status. Such a legal position is particularly problematic in ethical terms when applied in cases involving patients who are in a `near PVS' position, and in the light of evidence that some PVS diagnoses are inaccurate. The application of the best interests test in PVS cases results in the adoption of a paternalistic, objective approach that fails to respect the former competent individuals whom PVS patients once were. If, alternatively, the substituted judgement test were to be adopted, the principle of individual autonomy would become central to the question of whether PVS patients' treatment should be withdrawn. Furthermore, the application of this test would also ensure that PVS patients continue to be viewed as `persons'.     

商的正当性与儒的新出路：余英时对韦伯论题的回应

揭示现代理性资本主义精神的宗教起源和追索现代理性资本主义所承载的伦理精神,乃韦伯论题的一体两面,而重塑现代资本主义的伦理精神则是潜藏在韦伯竭力避免“价值判断和信仰判断”的科学话语之下的一个意图。余英时对“韦伯论题”的承接,一方面纠正了韦伯在一定程度上对于中国宗教特别是对于近世儒家工作伦理的误读;另一方面他试图得出“恰好与韦伯相反”的结论,即中国近世的宗教伦理,尤其是儒家伦理,能够“为中国资本主义的出现提供精神的基础”的努力,则并不完全成功。而余英时对“韦伯论题”论述方向的转换,则通过对明清儒学、儒士之“转向”的考察分析,表达了一个与韦伯不一样的关怀,那就是,在新的政治社会生态下,何处是儒学、儒士,特别是作为儒士后代传人的现代知识人新的出路、新的安身立命之所。     

大学伦理精神与大学自治

在传承知识、寻求真理、学术自由、思想自由等基本伦理规定性基础之上,大学所具有的人本、宽容、开放、批判性等伦理精神,为大学自治提供了一般价值合理性依据.源于西方的大学自治经验,只有完成与中国既有社会文化等制度环境的接榫,才能推动中国大学自治实现从理念到制度的转变.     

Self-determination,group identity and the common will

ABSTRACT

Anna Stilz defends a political autonomy account of self-determination that, she argues, best explains our intuitions about why colonization, annexation and foreign occupation are wrong. These are wrong, on Stilz’s view, because they unilaterally coerce individuals living under those systems of government. I argue that Stilz does not show that her account of self-determination explains our intuitions about autonomy in these kinds of cases, because she does not have a separate argument for the value of belonging to particular political groups.     

The international rule of law

ABSTRACT

The rule of law is a moral ideal that protects distinctive legal values such as generality, equality before the law, the independence of courts, and due process rights. I argue that one of the main goals of an international rule of the law is the protection of individual and state autonomy from the arbitrary interference of international institutions, and that the best way to codify this protection is through constitutional rules restraining the reach of international law into the internal affairs of a state. State autonomy does not have any intrinsic value or moral status of its own. Its value is derivative, resulting from the role it plays as the most efficient means of protecting autonomy for individuals and groups. Therefore, the goal of protecting state autonomy form the encroachment of international law will have to be constrained by, and balanced against the more fundamental goal of an international rule of law, the protection of the autonomy of individual persons, best realized through the entrenchment of basic human rights.     

三农问题背景中的村民自治

三农问题的解决,需要宏观上的努力,更需要微观上的努力。村民自治,是中国村民自主解决农村公共问题,进行公共管理,提供良好公共服务的重要制度安排。要发展良好的村民自治,关键之一是需要有一个良好的法律安排。因此,系统分析村民委员会组织法的具体规定,着眼于如何完善村民自治,分析其存在的缺陷,提出修改思路,是在制度上解决三农问题的微观保障。     

Character-building and freedom in education

Educators, parents, and policy-makers in the United States, as in other countries, are concerned about the apparent inability of many schools to contribute to the development of character and civic virtue in their pupils. The answer, experience shows, is not for government to require a pedagogy of state-defined character education which, in a pluralistic society, would inevitably create new conflicts. Instead, education policy should take advantage of the growing interest on the part of educators in creating autonomous, distinctive schools, and the continuing interest, on the part of parents, in being able to choose what school their children will attend. Schools which exhibit a distinctive character based upon a shared understanding of the goals of education are effective not only in teaching academics but also in developing positive character traits in their pupils. Charter schools and educational vouchers are two means of encouraging and supporting such coherent schools. The article concludes with a series of policy recommendations designed to balance the autonomy of schools against the need for public accountability. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中国农村基本制度的历史沿革和启示

中国农村基本制度的历史变迁大体可分成五个阶段。通过考察研究得出中国历史上的乡村基层制度在整体上是合理有效的。其中,乡村自治、乡绅参与和有限政府是三个重要经验。这些对当前中国的农村改革有着重大的启示。     

提高民警可见度:城市社区警务工作的关键

强化社区警务新机制,将警务工作向社区渗透、延伸、拓展,这是新形势下城市社区建设对公安工作提出的新要求。要做好社区警务工作,必须正确处理好打击与基础工作、打击与防范、集中打击与日常管理、专门工作与群众工作等关系,同时要让民警沉入社区,扎根社区,提高民警的可见度,从而做到“发案少、秩序好,群众满意”。