第三人撤销之诉原告适格的再考察

利用2012年民诉法实施以来司法实践中积累的相关裁判文书,区分起诉审查和实体审理两个程序阶段,可以对分别以裁定和判决就原告适格作出判断的若干第三人撤销之诉案例从法解释论的角度进行分析。经考察有独立请求权第三人和无独立请求权第三人这两类提起撤销之诉的第三人的多种情形,可看到此类案件实际上很可能间接地起到遏制虚假诉讼或不诚信诉讼行为的作用,且具有规范第三人参加诉讼制度的程序运用或增进为第三人提供的程序保障等其他方面的潜力。不过,在原告适格等诉讼要件的审查和一些相关的程序设计上,司法实务对第三人撤销之诉的运用仍有待于进一步的改进、完善,并需要继续获得理论上的支撑。     

Values in Economic Decisions and Policymaking

The authors argue that values influence decisions taken by policymakers and that decision and policymakers can follow one or the other of the two distinct paths — altruism and egoism. However, the main purpose of this article is to investigate outcomes of government and corporation policies formulated in accordance with theories espoused in economic rationalism or neoclassical economics. These show that they generally follow the path of egoism. The occasional result is that although multinational enterprises and other corporations contribute to the relief of natural and economic problems, they may in fact be contributing simply out of corporate self-interest. The recent collapse of financial markets in the United States and throughout the globe is identified as a result of business activities designed to seek higher corporate profits and higher executive payouts, which are motivated by self-serving values linked to the ideologies of neoclassical economics or economic rationalism. The article argues for a just and fair redistribution of incomes, possibly best achieved through the taxation system and opens the way for further research on the alternative path—the path of altruism.     

个案解释技术在解决行政诉讼法律适用困境中的应用

由于我国宪政体制及司法审查范围的限制,法院难以展开对法律、法规、规章及行政规定的司法审查。但为了裁判案件,法院又必然需要对行政行为所依据的规范性文件进行考察,以便找到一个合法的、可适用于本案的裁判依据。这就导致了行政诉讼中法律适用的困境。解决这一制度困境,其最佳途径是由法院通过个案解释技术,阻断不合法的规范性文件与本案事实之间的牵连关系,从而排除或限制该规范性文件在本案中的适用,同时又避免了对该规范性文件进行直接的合法性评价。     

Reducing recurrent care proceedings: initial evidence from new interventions

The English family justice system faces a crisis of recurrence. As many as one in four birth mothers involved in public law care proceedings in English family courts are likely to reappear in a subsequent set of proceedings within seven years. These mothers are involved in up to one-third of total care applications, as they are – by definition – linked to more than one child . Few birth mothers experiencing the removal of a child to care are offered any follow-up support, despite often facing multiple challenges including poverty, addiction, domestic violence and mental health problems. Since 2011, however, a number of new services have been established to begin to address their unmet needs. This article summarises the findings of the first academic-led evaluation of two of these initiatives. Presenting evidence from a mixed-methods evaluative study, it concludes that the new services were able to foster relationships that ‘worked’ in reducing recurrent proceedings. None of the women engaging with the services went on to experience what could be described as a ‘rapid repeat pregnancy’ within the evaluation window. Just as significantly, a number of clients reported some improvement in their psychological functioning, and the practitioners involved reported positively on their experience of delivering and managing innovative services. The article closes with a discussion of the challenges of evaluating personalised, strengths-based interventions and the possibilities of evidencing empowerment in these cases.     

先刑后民原则的异化与扬弃——兼论刑民交叉案件的处理模式

在同一案件同时涉及刑事与民事两个诉讼时,实践中一直坚持刑事诉讼程序优先。这一原则曾经是解决刑民交叉案件行之有效的方式。但随着时代的发展,适用这一原则过程中带来一系列负面效应,严重违背了制度设计的初衰。在当前越来越强调关注人权、关注民生的时代背景下,该原则适用过程中的异化反应给诉讼当事人带来了极大的风险,国家也一再为此承担额外的诉讼成本,应该考虑刑民交叉案件的多元化处理模式。     

公证债权文书执行审查程序与破产债权确认之诉的交错与区隔 ——以重庆莱卡斯贸易有限公司破产债权确认纠纷案为视角

具有强制执行效力的公证书确认的债权进入执行程序后,债务人进入破产清算的,围绕债权产生的争议,在规范层面上,存在着公证债权文书执行审查程序与破产债权确认之诉这两种不同的争议解决程序,然而这两种程序性质迥异,相互排斥、无法并行。为协调两种程序之间的关系,应当以裁定受理破产申请与裁定中止执行这两个时间节点为界,对这两种程序的适用范围进行区隔,分别确定两个程序的不同规制范围。     

人事诉讼判决效力的扩张与第三人程序保障

为保持身份关系的稳定,实现社会秩序的和谐,诸多国家都赋予了人事诉讼判决的对世效力,它是判决"相对效原则"的例外。通过检察官参与人事诉讼、限制适用辩论主义、实行职权探知等特别"法则"的施行,为人事诉讼判决既判力的扩张提供了依据。但从施行这些特别法则国家的司法实践来看,难以实现对案外第三人利益的保护。在固守人事诉讼判决"对世效力"为基本原则的同时,应另辟它路实现对法律地位受到影响的第三人的程序保障。     

实现担保物权非讼许可裁定的文本分析——基于北京、重庆、广东三地法院的考察

《民事诉讼法》中新增的实现担保物权非讼程序,目的是在程序主体对主债权、担保物权等实体问题不存在争执的基础上做出许可执行拍卖、变卖裁定。而通过对北京、重庆、广东三地法院做出的许可裁定书文本分析得知,法院对优先权、优先受偿数额等相关实体问题是否在裁定书中做出处理的态度大相径庭。从认识归因上讲,主要是对形式审查原则认识不清。对此,从法理解释来看,许可裁定书不仅要对担保财产是否以及如何拍卖、变卖做出裁断,还应对优先受偿数额等实体问题进行确认。该裁定性质上为对物的执行名义,具有执行力。     

论行政复议被申请人作为行政诉讼第三人

在复议改变之诉中,作为复议被申请人的原具体行政行为作出机关应当作为行政诉讼第三人参加诉讼,因为当下制度设计已为复议被申请人作为第三人留有空间,符合我国行政诉讼制度目的与价值取向,可为行政权限争议解决提供新路径,行政隶属关系并不排斥复议被申请人的诉讼第三人身份,符合“有利益就有参与”的基本法则,复议被申请人与复议改变之间有利害关系.利用制度空间和既成之诉“一并审查”、“附带解决”相关问题已成诉讼经济原则的基本要求和各国诉讼制度实践的普遍做法,我国应逐步确认和拓展法院在行政权限争议诉讼调处中的能动作用.     

论破产案件中土地使用权的处理原则

本文对依法破产和政策性破产中土地使用权的处理原则做了探讨。以划拨土地使用权为标的物设定抵押时,其变卖所得中相当于土地使用权出让金的款额属于国有财产,其他部分抵押权人可优先受偿。政策性破产文件规定破产企业的土地使用权无论是划拨取得还是出让取得,无论是否设置抵押,其变卖所得均要优先用于破产企业职工安置是不妥的。农民集体(经济)组织以集体土地使用权入股破产企业的,该集体土地使用权应当作为破产财产分配。