气候变化的国际法发展:从温室效应理论到《联合国气候变化框架公约》

本文考察了温室效应理论对缔结《联合国气候变化框架公约》的决定性影响 ,并对《联合国气候变化框架公约》的基本法律原则 (规则 )及其对国际环境立法的贡献进行了述评。     

拥挤理论在超市结算区人群管理中的应用

通过确定超市结算区人体平均投影面积,给出了结算区最大容许人数。利用拥挤理论,根据不同时段下的人群到达率,得出了收款台最低开放台数,并据此对结算区内人群聚集风险进行了分析。在综合考虑结算区的最大容许人数、人群可忍受的平均等候时间及机器利用率的基础上,确定了各时段的收款台最佳开放数。从超市的自身效益、购物环境和聚集人群安全性出发,针对超市结算区的人群聚集风险提出了可行的减缓措施。     

二层次四要件犯罪构成论——兼议正当化行为的体系地位

以解决正当化行为在犯罪论体系中地位不定,及其与犯罪构成关系不明为突破口;以反映定罪过程、权力与权利的平衡以及对抗制的诉讼程序特点为价值立场;兼顾中国已有的理论与实务情况,主张在我国犯罪构成论的应有结构为两层次四要件犯罪构成结构.此即:第一层次,三个要件,依次为犯罪客观要件、犯罪主体要件和犯罪主观要件;第二层次为犯罪客体一个要件,其中,正当化行为等作为排除犯罪客体的事由在此纳入犯罪构成要件之中.无此事由,犯罪即告成立.     

IDENTIFYING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS THAT MEDIATE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PARENTING PRACTICES AND DELINQUENCY*

Past research has largely ignored the developmental changes within the child that account for the association between parenting and risk for delinquency. We used structural equation modeling and data from a longitudinal study of several hundred African‐American families to test the contentions of various theories regarding the sociocognitive and emotional factors that mediate the impact of parental behavior on a youth's risk for delinquency. Our findings largely supported the theories. The impact of monitoring/discipline was indirect through low self‐control and acceptance of deviant norms, whereas the effect of hostility/ rejection was indirect through low self‐control, hostile view of relationships, and acceptance of deviant norms. These two dimensions of parenting were no longer related either to affiliation with deviant peers or to conduct problems once the effects of these psychological characteristics were taken into account; the impact of these parenting practices was completely mediated by these four cognitive/affective variables. Contrary to expectation, however, these psychological factors did not mediate any of the relationship between caretaker involvement in antisocial behavior and child conduct problems.     

科学发展观:中国特色社会主义的发展理论

科学发展观是新一届中央领导集体理论创新的标志性成果,是中国共产党在中国特色社会主义发展进程中,为人类认识未来和发展开辟的一个新的视角.科学发展观是由一系列相互联系的新思想、新观点、新论断构建起来的中国特色社会主义的发展理论.它标志着当代中国将走出一条独特的、既不同于欧美发达国家又不同于东亚新兴工业化国家的、促进人的全面发展和社会和谐进步的新道路及新模式.     

论治安行政听证制度的基本原则

行政听证制度是我国立法引进的一项新制度,是行政程序法的核心内容。公安机关在进行治安行政听证工作中,应当认真借鉴国外相关的立法,健全和完善公开原则、言词原则、职能分离原则、事先告知原则、记录排他性原则。     

坚持和完善社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度

坚持和完善社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度 ,必须做到两个“毫不动摇” :一是毫不动摇地巩固和发展公有制经济 ;二是毫不动摇地鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济发展     

从控制论视阈看文化在社会发展中的作用

作为特殊意识形态的自然科学技术,无论从社会演进的宏观动力机制看,还是从其微观动力机制看,都对社会发展具有决定性作用。社会意识形态虽然在宏观动力机制上处于从属的地位,但从微观动力机制上考察,对历史进程发展的迟速则具有决定性意义。     

党的第三代领导集体关于宗教和宗教问题的论述

党的十三届四中全会以来,以江泽民同志为核心的党的第三代领导集体,根据冷战结束后国际格局的一系列变化和民族宗教问题发展的形势,结合我国改革开放和现代化建设的新实践,提出了一系列关于宗教和宗教问题的基本观点。     

The European airline industry: law and economics of low cost carriers

This article offers an analysis of the European airline industry in order to understand the new dynamics of the competitive field. The liberalization process did not lead the entrance of competitors similar to incumbents, but a new organizational model has been developed, the one of low cost carriers. The incumbents’ reaction to the liberalization process coupled with the entrance of low cost companies into the sector are hence considered. Two theories are analysed: the contestable markets theory, to understand the theoretical vision that has influenced the liberalization process, and the core theory, a modern approach to the concept of destructive competition that, according to some authors, is a recurring problem in the sector. While numerous barriers to entry still exist, the paper examines how the organizational model of low cost companies has helped new entrants to overtake these obstacles. By the same token, the application of the core theory does not seem to justify strategic alliances taking place in these years. The competitive framework is definitely clearer if we analyse sector changes in a different way, from the point of view of low cost companies considered as new market actors.