Evidence for the role of the justice motive in status generalization processes

Status generalization refers to the capacity of status characteristics, such as race, gender, or occupation, to become the basis of social inequality even when such characteristics are not directly relevant to the immediate social interaction. For instance, individuals with positively valued status characteristics are more likely to assume positions of power and prestige than those of lower standing. To date, status generalization has been assumed to arise from stereotyped beliefs that associate positive standing on a status characteristic with positively valued personal attributes. Findings from two studies indicate that the capacity for status characteristics to produce power and prestige orders may also depend on people's need to believe in a just world. In the first study, participants were fortuitously granted a position of either superior or equal power and prestige to another person. Consistent with just world predictions, participants portrayed themselves more positively relative to the other on assessments of personal attributes when they occupied a superior position than when they occupied a position of equal power and prestige. Results from a second study showed that the tendency to link personal attributes with power and prestige standing was strongest for participants who scored high on the Just World Scale. Thus, just world beliefs appear to play a role in status generalization processes.     

试述《妈祖文化千年史编》的意义和内容

妈祖文化历史源远流长,文献浩如烟海。妈祖文化的资料搜集、整理和编纂工作与妈祖文化研究的发展相比较而言是滞后的。为了解决这种矛盾状况,《妈祖文化千年史编》课题组整理、编辑了《妈祖文化千年史编》系列丛书。文章就这系列丛书的目的、意义和内容作了较为翔实的叙述,指出了《妈祖文化千年史编》的重要价值。     

中国化马克思主义民族理论在西藏的实践--纪念西藏自治区成立四十周年

总结历史,立足现实,中央人民政府和西藏地方政府签订和平解放西藏的"十七条协议",和平解放西藏.立足民族平等,消除民族隔阂,加强藏、汉民族团结,强调民族工作要"慢",不能急躁,采取灵活、"慎重、稳进"的方针开展工作.实行民族区域自治是中国共产党和毛泽东解决民族问题的基本主张.坚定不移的实行民族区域自治,藏族人民在政治上实现当家作主.帮助西藏发展经济和社会各项事业.尊重藏民族的生活习惯,保障宗教信仰自由.对达赖喇嘛的基本立场和态度是,停止独立活动,欢迎他回来.     

任何民族无信仰即无宪政也无法治——民族信仰与中国百年宪政关系的文化考察

中国人民追求宪政并且为之奋斗一百余年但社会效果仍不理想的根本原因在于一百年多来中国人没有形成较为稳定的、长期的、统一的精神信仰。信仰也是一种规则体系、价值体系,可以补充、完善法律的规范作用。一个民族只有解决了信仰问题,才有可能走向宪政或法治。     

贵州省少数民族大学生信仰问题研究——以贵州民族学院为例

通过对贵州民族学院少数民族大学生发放问卷、抽样调查、比较分析等手法,对少数民族大学生信仰现状以及对信仰的认识、看法,对马克思主义的认同度等问题进行了较为深入的调查研究,提出了存在的问题及对策思路。     

A study of DNA transfers onto plastic packets placed in personal bags

The ability to detect low level DNA brings with it the uncertainty of whether the detected DNA is a result of transfer. To address this uncertainty, a simulation study was conducted in which a mock illicit drug packet was placed into the personal bags of individuals. When the average transit time of the packets was increased from around 2 h to more than 14 h, the percentage of the DNA profiles recovered from the packets which could be attributed to the individuals increased greatly from 5.3% to 48.6%. We found that drug packers who were poor shedders could not be included as contributors to the DNA profiles from the drug packets at all and there was a higher chance that individuals other than themselves could be included as contributors to the DNA profile recovered from drug packets. We also found that it was equally likely that the drug packers who had direct contact with the drug packets and bag owners who did not, could be included as contributors to the DNA profiles recovered from the packets. The results in this study highlight the importance of taking into consideration the transit time of drug packet, the shedder status of the alleged packer and the history of an item, when evaluating DNA evidence in the context of illicit drug activities.     

LETTERS

正Many of us assume that life on Earth will continue to fl ourish for eons to come.But this is a misguided belief.Scientifi c research has shown that the Earth’s environment was too harsh to support any life form for four billion years.So what we take for granted is actually very precious and vulnerable.It took around three billion years of evolution on Earth for complicated animal and human organisms to come into existence.Nobody wants them to die out as a result of pollution-induced global warming.We should instead cherish and     

从制度修辞视角看法律信仰

法律能否被信仰?这是国内法学界近二十年来持续关注的一个重要理论争点。尽管法律信仰的理论有演化为意识形态的倾向,但法律信仰论自身是一种严谨的理论论述。法律信仰的论述理据,不应仅仅是伯尔曼所强调的法律与宗教在某种意义上的契合性或相似性,而且还在于即便完全不受宗教影响的、世俗化的法律,作为一种价值体系、传统、"事物规定性"的规范表达以及舍此无他的利益获取机制的内在禀赋。法律在实质上是基于价值、事实以及与此相关的利益的博弈结果或博弈的规范表述,是一种制度修辞。人们对一种制度修辞抱持不尽的热忱和追求,恰如人们虔信、又热忱地追求同样是一种修辞预设的上帝一样。所以,从制度修辞视角看法律信仰,饶有兴味——法律、法治本身是信仰的事业。     

中越城隍信仰的对比研究

发源于中国的城隍信仰,传入越南后,与越南本地的民间宗教信仰相结合,形成具有浓厚越南民族文化特色的城隍信仰。对比中国与越南城隍信仰异同,探究造成异同的原因,有助于深入了解越南文化及其文化中的中国因素,为进一步探究中国与越南在文化上的共同性与相异性服务。     

法治视野下的警察执法违法行为规制

近年来,新闻媒体不断披露的有关公安机关或人民警察违法犯罪案件,引起人们对公安机关及人民警察的极大关注。不仅对警民关系的健康发展造成影响,而且带来“法律信仰”危机。“执法者违法”现象的形成固然有执法者自身素质不高等原因,但其根源在于我国现有警察制度自身的缺陷。通过分析我国警察制度的现状,从制度层面上分析“执法者违法”现象的产生原因,探析现有警察制度存在的不足,进而提出制度改革的若干意见。