论意思表示错误——以与重大误解制度比较的视角

意思表示错误制度,在平衡意思自治、保护信赖利益、维护交易安全方面发挥着重大作用。国外民法对意思表示错误的研究比较深入,但我国《民法通则》并没有采用错误这一概念,而是以重大误解取而代之,且规定粗陋。本文从与重大误解制度比较的视角,以历史发展路径、法理基础、结构效力差异、立法完善构想等四个部分论意思表示错误,以求为我国意思表示制度的构建提出建设性意见。     

宪法本质探析

要研究宪法,必须从宪法的实质入手,还其以本来面目。经济是社会发展的基础,人类的经济活动产生了利益,利益则体现为自然资源及社会资源,并最终抽象为权利和权力。宪法从古代到现代的演进,说明从国家这个共同体出现后,就必然出现一个调配国家利益与公民利益分配的规则或观念。国家内的利益主体的变迁导致利益分配的规则也随之变更,这便是宪法的运动模式。在宪法关系中,国家作为一方利益主体的地位是恒定的,宪法的实质也就是在确立国家这个共同体的同时,调配国家利益与公民利益及其他利益主体间利益分配的规则。     

东北地区农业系统资源利用方式及其效益的历史变迁

历史上东北地区水草丰沛,森林茂密,沼泽遍地。生息繁衍于此的东北先民,或渔猎,或游牧,或农耕。明清以来,尤其是清中期实行招垦政策以来,东北地区的荒田、草地、山林、沼泽,均得到了大面积的农业开发,造成农田系统对草地系统、森林系统、沼泽系统不断包抄与逐渐挤压,深刻影响了东北地区的作物布局与耕地制度。受此影响,东北地区种植业系统功能日益强化,而畜牧业系统、林业系统以及渔猎系统功能呈日渐式微趋势,外来移民的大量涌入以及放垦政策的大力推行难辞其咎。     

膜攻击复合物对继发性脑损伤的影响

脑损伤后普遍存在的炎性反应激活补体并通过多种途径导致和加重继发性脑损伤。膜攻击复合物具有直接破坏血脑屏障、促使红细胞溶解、促进释放细胞因子、氧自由基和金属基质蛋白、加剧炎症反应的生物特性,从而加重继发性脑损伤。本文对膜攻击复合物造成继发性脑损伤的研究进行综述,希望能对相关研究和法医学鉴定提供参考。     

Sharing the benefits of biodiversity the Kani TBGRI deal in Kerala,India

Abstract

The United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) concluded at the Earth Summit in 1992, mandates that where utilisation of the knowledge, innovations and practices of local and indigenous communities leads to benefits, such benefits shall be equitably shared with the holders of such knowledge, innovations and practices. The study analyses some of the issues that have emerged in the context of a ‘benefit sharing exercise’ attempted by the Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (TBGRI), a research institute based in Kerala, with the Kani tribals of Kerala, pursuant to the development of a pharmaceutical drug, based on the knowledge, information and natural resources that the Kanis have nurtured over many years.

As the case study illustrates, the debate on benefit sharing in the absence of other fundamental rights such as the rights to land, access to the resource and adequate governance structures becomes a limited and myopic exercise. A ‘fair and equitable benefit sharing mechanism’ would therefore call for certain basic pre‐conditions that will be discussed in the course of the study.     

我国上市公司融资偏好的经济伦理探析

我国上市公司偏好于股权融资,这会对公司经营业绩、治理机制以及社会经济事业产生负面影响。控股股东义利观的倒置会造成公司经营业绩的下滑及公司治理机制的恶化,管理机构义利观模糊状态下的监管失位则会导致资本市场的不健康发展及公众利益受损．原因就在于股权分置。流通股股东与非流通股股东价值理念的冲突是股权融资偏好形成并发展的内生因素,而政府习惯性干预市场的思维方式则是外生因素。只有切实提高上市公司股东及政府经济伦理意识并完善以职业经理人市场和监管制度为代表的制度安排,才能改变股权融资偏好状况。实现经济的可持续发展。     

Long‐Run Labor Market Effects of the Job Corps Program: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Experiment

Job Corps is the nation's largest and most comprehensive career technical training and education program for at‐risk youth ages 16 to 24. Using the sample from a large‐scale experiment of the program from the mid‐1990s, this article uses tax data through 2015 (20 years later) to examine long‐term labor market impacts. The study finds some long‐term beneficial effects for the older students, with employment gains of 4 percentage points, 40 percent reductions in disability benefit receipt, and 10 percent increases in tax filing rates in 2015. For these students, program benefits exceeded program costs from the social perspective. This study is the first to establish that a national program for disconnected youth can produce long‐term labor market gains, and can be a positive investment made for society. The results suggest that intensive, comprehensive services that focus on developing both cognitive and noncognitive skills are important for improving labor market prospects for this population.     

欠发达省区毗邻地区区域协作的问题及对策

欠发达地区毗邻地区的区域协作是该地区对外开放的重要组成部分。欠发达省区毗邻地区应采取更加多形式、多层次、多方位的协作模式,建立更加开放、富有活力的协作机制。在短期内,应在交通、旅游、物流、信息、生态保护等领域有所突破。应通过灵活的税收、金融和统计政策,对特定领域的投资作出兼顾地区利益分配的政策调节,促进区域资源的整合与优化配置。     

论刑事政策的演进与和谐社会刑事政策构建

刑事政策是在不断发展变化之中的。社会主义和谐社会刑事政策的价值取向是追求社会和谐和科学发展,指导思想是以人为本,关注人性,重视个性。主要内容包括宽严相济、保护人权、恢复性司法,实施主体包括国家及其司法机关、社会组织。和谐社会刑事政策需要在刑事立法、刑事司法、刑事预防各个层面加以深入贯彻。     

浅析利益分化与政党的社会整合

党对社会的有效整合是党执政的重要政治基础和社会基础。当代中国社会转型时期,利益群体多元化、复杂化会对执政党的社会整合功能形成一定的挑战,需要优化我国政党制度社会整合功能。探讨当代利益群体多元化与优化我国政党制度整合功能的逻辑关系具有重大的理论意义和现实意义。