21世纪大学开展国际合作与交流的大趋势

云南省高校开展国际合作与交流近20年来取得很大成绩,尤其是1986年以来,云南省政府每年拨出外汇专款支持出国留学工作,使云南这个边疆民族省份的高校科研水平和教学质量得到大幅度提高.同时也存在着阻碍云南省高校对外合作与交流步伐的一些问题.当前,应转变观念,增大经费投入,制定相关政策,使云南省高校对外合作与交流工作迈上一个新台阶.     

Performance Measurement in Italian and Spanish Local Governments: Comparative Policy Analysis

NPM reforms have become a global trend and performance management systems are considered suitable to enhance the decision-making process and accountability. The aim of the paper is to carry out a comparative study on the adoption of performance measurement tools in Italian and Spanish (medium-sized and large) local governments. It seeks to find out how widespread these tools are and how their usefulness is perceived. The results show differences between the two countries and that the presence of professional managers – experienced with performance measurement tools – positively affects the adoption of these tools. Moreover, performance measurement tools are perceived as a support for accountability purposes.     

Predictors of an Effective Performance Measurement System: Evidence from Municipal Governments in Turkey

The study examines the predictors of effective performance measurement in the context of Turkish municipalities. Theoretical guidance of context-design-performance model has been utilized to examine the contextual and design factors which have influenced the effective use of performance measurement systems in Turkish municipalities. It is hypothesized in the study that external support and organizational support for the use performance measurement, and technical capacity for the performance measurement are associated with quality of performance measures and effectiveness of performance measurement systems in general. The results of the study supported the hypotheses of the study regarding the relationships among organizational support, technical capacity, quality of performance measures, and effectiveness of performance measurement. Although the results confirmed that external support has an indirect effect on effectiveness of performance measurement via technical capacity and quality of performance measures, the hypothesis regarding the direct effect of it on effectiveness of performance measurement was not supported.     

Photoshop软件在法医临床学鼻面积测量中的应用初探

在鼻部损伤的法医临床学鉴定中,由于鼻的形态不规则,法医学界对鼻部缺损范围的测量和计算尚无一种统一的、精确的方法。本文利用Photoshop软件与传统的薄膜覆盖法分别对鼻面积进行测量,分析两种测量方法所得结果无统计学差异,因此通过软件法可以简便准确的计算鼻部面积。在伤者受伤前与伤后眼裂等器官长度不变的条件下,将伤者眼裂长度作为伤前照片的"比例尺",根据伤前照片推算其伤前鼻部面积,从而计算出鼻缺损比例,为鼻损伤程度的判定提供了更科学的方法。     

How Accurate Are Survey Responses on Social Media and Politics?

How accurate are survey-based measures of social media use, in particular about political topics? We answer this question by linking original survey data collected during the U.S. 2016 election campaign with respondents’ observed social media activity. We use supervised machine learning to classify whether these Twitter and Facebook account data are content related to politics. We then benchmark our survey measures on frequency of posting about politics and the number of political figures followed. We find that, on average, our self-reported survey measures tend to correlate with observed social media activity. At the same time, we also find a worrying amount of individual-level discrepancy and problems related to extreme outliers. Our recommendations are twofold. The first is for survey questions about social media use to provide respondents with options covering a wider range of activity, especially in the long tail. The second is for survey questions to include specific content and anchors defining what it means for a post to be “about politics.”     

Reply to ‘The politics of evidence: a response to Rulli and D'Odorico’

ABSTRACT

Indicators of carbon storage in forests and other land uses have gained much prominence to evaluate and endorse land-based climate change mitigation policies. The outcomes of such assessments can have direct livelihood implications for dwellers living at the forest–agriculture frontier, such as shifting cultivators or subsistence farmers. This contribution critically discusses the methodological relevance of carbon stock indicators to assess long-term emission dynamics of land uses, and furthermore addresses the ‘politics of measurement’ that can be involved in policy practice. From a complex socio-ecological systems perspective, the paper argues that carbon stock indicators provide necessary but not sufficient information to endorse land use policies with mitigation aims. While they may indicate one-off sequestration gains through vegetation and land-use change, they cannot account for permanent hidden emissions that emerge as part of the broader agrarian transitions that accompany land-use change. Over the long term, this may render related mitigation interventions ineffective, if not counterproductive. Furthermore, carbon stock estimates for future land-use scenarios sometimes draw on biased assumptions, or are constructed within histories of discrimination, through which they may further marginalize subaltern groups such as shifting cultivators. A paradigm shift is needed that includes more integrative assessment approaches.     

对一项社区警务活动的成本分析

社区警务作为一种全新的公安民警服务理念,它要求公安机关为社区提供优质、高效的服务。为此,面向社区的基层公安机关不得不思考警务活动的成本问题。文章正是通过对一项社区警务活动的成本分析入手,为警务管理工作提供选择的方案,从而为提高警务工作的效率提出有益的建言。     

公与私:中国行业协会的矛盾定位解析

随着社会主义市场经济的发展,行业协会作为一种同类企业间的联合互益组织在我国社会经济生活中起着日益重要的作用。但由于行业协会本身所蕴含的市场性以及我国对行业协会的特殊定位,其公益性与私益性的冲突成为制约我国行业协会发展的首要因素,因此探讨市场化的主流趋势与非营利化的新兴走向之间的异同,才能重新定义我国行业协会的发展路径。     

东北民营企业家劳动关系信念研究

劳动关系信念对劳动关系制度演化具有非常重要的影响。根据劳动关系学者的劳动关系系统框架和青木昌彦的制度演化一般模型,建立劳动关系制度演化的一般模型,通过分解劳动关系信念的测量指标,并利用这些指标和吉林大学"东北民营企业家发育成长问题横向跨学科实证研究"课题组2006年年底获得的东北地区民营企业家发育成长问题调查数据,对东北地区民营企业家的劳动关系信念进行测量。测量结果显示,作为雇主方的东北地区民营企业家,其劳动关系信念从总体上是倾向于合作共赢共享的。这一测量结果的政策含义是:执政党、政府和学术理论界,需要采取积极措施,向中国劳动关系制度系统中输入合作共赢共享的劳动关系信念系统、理论系统、法律和政策系统等,以巩固和强化雇主劳动关系信念系统中积极因素,以促进中国生成或巩固合作型劳动关系制度。